Population data studies for six short-tandem repeat loci (HUMCSF1P0, HUMTPOX, HUMTH01, HUMHPRTB, HUMFES/FPS, and HUMvWF) were carried out on a sample of 326 autochthonous Basques. Comparing with other European samples, we found the highest frequencies known so far for allele 11 of the HUMCSF1P0 locus (0.380), allele 10 of the HUMFES/FPS locus (0.384), and allele 17 of the HUMvWF locus (0.329). On the other hand, we found the lowest frequencies recorded in Europe for allele 12 of the HUMCSF1P0 locus (0.291), allele 7 of the HUMTH01 locus (0.128), and allele 11 of the HUMFES/FPS system (0.317). These results support the hypothesis that the Basque population is a remnant of early European settlers.