AbstractMale and female hamsters aged 1, 4, and 10 postnatal weeks were used to study the distribution of vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the cerebellum. Vimentin immunoreactivity exceeded that of GFAP during the first postnatal week, although GFAP was also observed in all cerebellar layers. Immunoperoxidase analysis revealed that by the fourth postnatal week vimentin was only detected in Bergmann fibers and the very scarce fibrous astrocytes located in the inner white matter. The Purkinje cell bodies were only coated with GFAP‐immunopositive processes. At 10 weeks, vimentin immunoreactivity was reduced to thin Bergmann glial processes, whereas GFAP immunoreactivity had greatly increased in the whole cerebellum.The GFAP immunostaining was denser in males than in females; however, in females, the Bergmann fibers were heavily immunostained with anti‐vimentin in contrast to the males. The results described in the present paper indicate a sex difference in vimentin and GFAP immunoreactivities in the cerebellar astrocytes at 4 weeks of age, which persisted in the oldest hamsters in this study. The existence of sexual dimorphism might suggest that the expression of both gliofilament proteins could be influenced by circulating sex stero