Recently, the relatively old speculation that the physical QCD vacuum might be a kind of dual superconductor, in which color‐magnetic monopoles have condensed, seems to have received some “experimental” confirmation in lattice calculations. The lattice calculations do not dictate, however, the form of the effective low‐energy theory. And indeed, a rather wide panoply of possible effective theories has been proposed. The purpose of this talk is to review them in order to contrast their properties. © 2003 American Institute of Physics