In common with other parts of Africa, Uganda has found that termites are the main obstacle to the successful establishment of Eucalyptus plantations in the drier areas. This paper outlines the problem as it affects Uganda, examines the factors affecting the incidence of attack, and gives an account of the research into termite control, both chemical and silvicultural, which has been carried out. The lack of knowledge regarding the basic factors underlying termite attack is stressed and proposals made for future lines of research.