摘要:

The results of a double‐blind trial of a tetracyclic antidepressant, maprotiline (Ludiomil®) and a conventional tricyclic, amitriptyline (Elavil®), in 67 ambulatory depressives are reported. hamilton's Rating Scale for Depression was the main outcome criterion.No statistically significant differences were found between the drugs in onset of action, efficacy, side effects or predictors of response. Patients on either drug showed a significant reduction in symptoms after 1 week of treatment and at the end of the trial. Both drugs were tolerated well. A review of double‐blind comparisons of maprotiline and tricyclic antidepressants, spanning 13 countries, and including over 900 patients, both ambulatory and inpatient, shows essentially similar results. The main outcome criterion in all these studies was manifest psychopathology assessed on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression by the treating physician. The absence of additional types of outcome criteria or assessment techniques, which may have detected differences in motor activity or drive as originally postulated, may have obscured results which were expected to be s

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 6‐week double‐blind cross‐over study comparing pipamperone with placebo was conducted in 20 female mental retardates with behavioural disorders. The ages of the patients ranged between 22 and 42 years. After a 2‐week washout period, patients were randomly allocated to either pipamperone or placebo treatment. The initial dosage of pipamperone was 40 mg b. i. d., which was gradually increased to 80 mg t. i. d. within 5 days. Patients were assessed using a ten‐item rating scale before and after each week of treatment. For six of the ten items, patients showed a better response during the pipamperone than during the placebo period. When pre‐trial scores were compared with those at the end of the trial, seven items had significantly improved with pipamperone. The nursing staff considered the patients more alert and amenable during pipamperon

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study reported comprised 104 patients with endogenous depression who were given unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The patients were divided into two equally large groups, one receiving two and the other four treatments per week. The latter group was selected openly, while the former had been collected by a double‐blind technique on a previous occasion. The severity of depression was assessed before the first treatment and on the days after the sixth and the last treatment, and at these times memory testing by WMS Forms I and II and EEG were also performed.An analysis is presented of the therapeutic effect obtained, assessed by: (1) the number of treatments applied in the two groups; (2) the reduction in the depression score; and (3) the effect achieved per treatment. In the group with frequent electrostimulation one to two additional treatments were required, the difference being statistically significant. On the other hand, frequent stimulation tended to be more effective in terms of the reduction in the depression score. The effect per treatment was identical in the two groups. Four treatments per week did not result in a higher frequency of complications. A comparison of the five severest depressions in each of the two groups did not reveal any difference in the therapeutic effect of the two methods of treatment.It is concluded that the technique with four treatments per week instead of two offers the advantage that the duration of the treatment period is reduced by 11–12 days. As the study also revealed that the discomforts, including memory impairment, are not increased by frequent stimulation, it is recommended that unilateral ECT is administered with a frequency of four treatments per w

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a double‐blind study, patients receiving a rapidly falling dosage of clonidine recovered about 1 day faster from the symptoms of moderately severe alcohol withdrawal than patients receiving placebo. The effects of clonidine were especially noticeable with respect to tremor, sweating, elevated systolic blood pressure, tension, anxiety, depression, and general condition. Clonidine had no effect on the sleep disturbances. No significant side effects were seen. It is suggested that clonidine is a useful aid in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, especially when it is desirable to minimise the use of tranquilliser

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A two‐gene model for the hereditary transmission of schizophrenia is presented involving two pairs of autosomal alleles Ss and Pp. It is hypothesized that the recessive gene can produce schizophrenia in homozygous state with a penetrance of .40. In the presence of the gene P schizophrenia can occur in the heterozygote Ss, resulting in a more serious form of the disease and having a manifestation rate of .70. The population frequencies best fitting the available data are estimated to be approximately .03 for P and .07 or .08 for s. It is also hypothesized that the reproductive fitness is .80 in manifest schizophrenics with genotype ss pp and .50 in overt schizophrenics carrying the modifier gene P. The model is proposed to cover only the so‐called “process” or “nuclear” type of schizophrenia. The remaining schizophrenics of “reactive” and other types may belong to different genotypes or consist in phenocopies.The model is discussed in relation to literature observations and our own previous studies. The possibilities for increased fitness of non‐schizophrenic carriers of P and s a

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The group of subjects consisted of 44 patients (attempters) who were admitted to hospital for treatment because of attempted suicide during a 3‐month period in Northern Savo (in Eastern Finland), another 44 patients (non‐attempters) admitted to hospital in the same period for other reasons serving as controls. The number of women was the same in both groups, and so was, in consequence, the number of men. The study compared the attempters with the non‐attempters and, in addition, the patients coming from urban areas with those coming from rural areas, the ratio of the urban to the rural patients being the same in both groups. The study was based on personal psychiatric interviews with the patients, which took place in each case both immediately following the patients, which took place in each case both immediately following the patient's admission and precisely 3 months afterwards.The results showed that schizophrenia was significantly more frequent in the rural than in the urban attempter group. By contrast, alcoholism and alcohol abuse were more frequent in the urban than in the rural attempter group. Compared with the urban patients, the rural patients tended to be psychically more seriously desordered. Poisoning by drugs was a significantly more frequent means of attempted suicide in the urban than in the rural group. The patients in the latter group, again, had resorted oftener to the so‐called “active” methods of attempted suicide.Of the attempters, 25 % attempted suicide anew during the 3‐ month follow‐up period, the corresponding figure for the nonattempter group being only 6%. During the follow‐up period, a greater number of suicidal attempts was made by the patients in the rural group than by those in the urban group, and, as regards the intent to succeed, the attempts of the former were more serious than those of the latter. The so‐called “active” methods were used more often by rural than by urban patients also during the follow‐up period. All in all, the self‐destructive behaviour exhibited during the follow‐up period was graver in the

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY