摘要:

ABSTRACT–The authors review the evidence indicating that puerperal psychosis is a nosological entity. The psychosis most closely resembling puerperal psychosis is the schizophreniform variant of manic‐depression, and the authors propose that if marked differences can be found between that state and puerperal psychosis, then the finding will tend to confirm the separateness of puerperal psychosis. They compare two such sets of patients, and conclude that the claim of puerperal psychosis to the status of a nosological entity is further suppor

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Psychogenic needs according to Murray were measured by means of the Cesarec Marke Personality Schedule in a representative sample of 70‐year‐olds in Gothenburg, Sweden. They were followed up when 75 and 79. A longitudinal study was carried out with regard to changes in means, standard deviations and sex differences. The levels at 70 among the surviving subjects and those who had died before the age of 79 were compared. Between 70 and 79 there were changes towards higher needs for order and acquiescence in both sexes, and towards lower exhibition, dominance and aggressive non‐conformance, and higher succourance in women. The changes were small and most needs showed no changes at all. There were few changes in variability and sex differences. Men with higher needs of defence of status, and lower needs of exhibition and dominance at 70 had an increased mortality. Cross‐sectional studies would have given misleading results on the development of psychogenic needs in these a

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Total plasma tryptophan was analysed during a 24‐h period in 27 control persons and 42 patients with a diagnosis of endogenous depression. Total plasma tryptophan was unchanged in endogenously depressed patients compared with controls. The effect of one night's sleep reversal was investigated in control persons. During the following day, when the persons were asleep, plasma tryptophan concentration fell below control values. The normal diurnal variation with low values in the night and high values in the daytime disappeared when the persons were kept fast

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The present study assessed the family environments of 43 depressed patients treated in an outpatient clinic. All family members 11 + years of age were administered the Family Environment Scale. Results showed that perceptions of the family environment were not statistically different from a normative sample. Differences among unipolar, bipolar and secondary affective disorder groups also did not attain statistical significance. On the other hand, current symptomatology among patients was associated with negative perceptions of the family environmen

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The neurotransmitter metabolites 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐phenyl glycol (HMPG) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by mass fragmentography in 83 patients with melancholia (diagnosed by the Newcastle Inventory and the Research Diagnostic Criteria), and 66 healthy volunteer controls. After adjustment by analysis of covariance for differences between the subject groups in body height, age and sex distribution, significantly (P<0.001) lower concentrations of 5‐HIAA and HVA were found in the melancholia patients than in the controls. HMPG did not differ between the groups. The differences could not be accounted for by differences in timing or examination techniques, and not by previously administered drugs (all patients were drug‐free at the examination, but a minority had taken small amounts of psychotropic drugs prior to the wash‐out period). The differences persisted after excluding the suicidal patients. There were no clear‐cut differences between unipolar and bipolar patients. It is suggested that the reduced concentrations of 5‐HIAA and HVA in the melancholic patients may be due to altered serotonin and/or dopamine functions in the central nervous system, which may be connected with an increased vulnerability to certain typ

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The Newcastle Endogenous Depression Diagnostic Index of Carney et al. was studied for reliability and validity. Good inter‐rater reliability was obtained for diagnostic category and for item scores in 36 patients. The scale showed construct validity with reference to the Hamilton and Montgomery‐Åsberg rating scales. Concurrent validity was shown relative to other diagnostic scales of endogenous depression. Predictive validity was demonstrated in that endogenous and nonendogenous depressives responded differently to isocarboxazid. The continued use of 5 as the point of separation between endogenous and nonendogenous depression is questi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Attachment to the mother at 1 year of age was studied in 46 “high‐risk” offspring of index mothers with a history of non‐organic psychosis and in 80 demographically similar control offspring. Attachment was measured in the home in a standardized manner by a modified version of Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure. Three different patterns, representing “secure attachment” (Type B), “anxiously avoidant attachment” (Type A) and “anxiously ambivalent attachment” (Type C), were defined. While no significant difference on attachment type was found between the total index versus control group, a significantly increased rate of anxious attachment (A + C) was found for offspring of schizophrenics but no other diagnostic group. Attachment type was unrelated to index mothers’ psychiatric hospitalization, psychotic status and known mental disturbance during the infants’ first year of life, as we

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The affect of 20 chronic schizophrenic in‐patients was assessed by two psychiatrists using two rating scales. The interview recordings were reviewed three times ‐ firstly with the auditory information only (the “audio review”), secondly with the visual information only (the “visual review”) and thirdly with both (the “audiovisual review”). The “blunted affect score” correlated strongly with the total score of the verbal items of scales, but did not when a single mode of information was given. Since the absolute values of the “blunted affect score” were lower in the “visual review” than in the live interview and in the “audio‐visual review”, it was speculated that speech tend

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Calcium and inorganic phosphate were measured in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 11 patients during impending delirium tremens (grade 2) and in nine patients with fully developed delirium tremens (grade 3). The initial sampling of blood and CSF was performed at admission before treatment was initiated. The blood sampling was repeated daily until recovery and at this time a second lumbar puncture was also performed. In grade 3 patients the plasma calcium concentration showed a transient increase after admission; in grade 2 patients the plasma calcium concentration was also somewhat elevated. The changes in plasma calcium concentration after admission correlated significantly with the changes in blood alcohol concentration. In grade 3 patients the CSF calcium concentration decreased between admission and recovery, this possibly relating to an increased cerebral binding capacity in the post intoxication period. No statistically significant changes were seen in either of the diagnostic categories as far as plasma inorganic phosphate concentrations are concerned. CSF inorganic phosphate concentration decreased in a fashion correlated with CSF alcohol concentration and, finally, CSF inorganic phosphate at admission was somewhat lower in grade 3 patients as compared to grade 2, this possibly reflecting a more severe disturbance of cerebral metabolism in grade 3 patients. Essentially, grade 3 patients had lower CSF concentrations of both calcium and inorganic phosphate as compared to grade 2 patients and thus there may exist real differences in the metabolism of these two ions when a severe withdrawal reaction (grade 2) is compared to fully developed delirium tremens (grade 3

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Six patients with Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder (DSM III) were treated in an open uncontrolled trial with Zimeldine, for 8 weeks. All six patients had cognitive deficits before treatment. Five patients improved on the clinical symptoms. Four of these showed pronounced amelioration of their cognitive defic

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY