摘要:

ABSTRACT—We investigated cognitive impairment in a study of the health of the elderly population of Saskatchewan. Surveys of elderly persons living at home (n=1267) and living in long‐term care facilities (n‐990) were conducted in 1981. Cognitive impairment was assessed by a short 10‐item mental status questionnaire previously validated against a clinical diagnosis of dementia in an elderly Canadian population. The prevalence of clinically significant cognitive impairment was found to increase with age and with dependence level in long‐term care facilities. We estimate that 7.8% of the elderly population have cognitive impairment consistent with a clinical diagnosis of dementia. Our estimates are compared with those derived from other studies. These findings affirm the importance of dementia as a cause of dependence in the elderly and the need for long‐term care facilities to deal with dementia and its consequences. Also, since at least as many persons with cognitive impairment live at home as in long‐term care facilities, health care planners must direct attention to the elderly with dem

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02984.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—This study examined the nature and strength of relationships between levels of alcohol use and concurrent psychiatric distress among adults in the community aged 18–64 years. Data for this project were gathered by standardized interview methods during the 1981–1982 Eastern Baltimore Mental Health Survey. The 2558 survey respondents were initially selected by means of multistage probability sampling of adult household residents in eastern Baltimore, Maryland. This project's findings indicated gender differences in the relationships under study. There was a moderate degree of association between heavy alcohol use and psychiatric distress among women; at moderate levels of alcohol use, a modest association was also noted. In contrast, for males, the results suggested a small positive association between heavy alcohol use and concurrent psychiatric distress, although these findings were not concl

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02985.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—This longitudinal epidemiologic study examined how levels of psychiatric distress over one year may be influenced by both concurrent levels of alcohol use and by prior drinking levels. The study's data were gathered during the 1981–1982 Eastern Baltimore Mental Health Survey (EBMHS), as part of the 5‐site National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area (NIMH‐ECA) Program. The 2091 respondents (18–64 years of age) reinterviewed after one year were initially selected by means of multistage probability sampling of adult household residents in eastern Baltimore, Maryland. The findings for men and women indicated that both high psychiatric distress at baseline interview and concurrent heavy alcohol use were associated with higher levels of psychiatric distress at one‐year follow‐up. Differences across population subgroups were also noted. Among women, the results further suggested that prior heavy alcohol use was an additional predictor of psychiatric distress levels after one year; this was not

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02986.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The 3H‐imipramine binding parameters (Bmaxand Kd) were studied in platelets from female suicide attempters and from healthy volunteers. The Bmaxwas significantly lower among suicide attempters, with no modification of the Kd. These results provide support of the hypothesis that decreased serotonin function may play a role in suicidal behav

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02987.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Severe personality disturbance is a feature that possibly explains chronicity in eating disorders, a largely inexplicable development in terms of previously investigated factors. We tested this hypothesis in a group of 41 anorectics and bulimics with ratings of 13 ego functions and of status at 1‐year follow‐up. Patients who stiil were preoccupied with weight or shape and had a DSM‐111‐R eating disorder at follow‐up had more severe ego disturbance at initial presentation than those who were free from sympioms. The relevance of demographics, syndromal diagnosis and clinical factors other than ego functioning was limited. The importance of ego functioning for prognosis in eating disorders thus appears to overshadow that of several factors that have been extensively cited in the

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02988.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—It seems odd that male suicide rates have decreased in Portugal over the last few years, whereas the opposite has happened in most other countries. In order to investigate the reasons for such a decrease, suicide rates were compared with controversial cases (ICD‐9 category E 980–989) and with homicide rates. The results show that, since 1980 and coinciding with the use of ICD‐9, controversial cases have increased 12 and 21 times among males and females respectively. The profile of controversial cases is similar lo that of suicide according to sex, age, marital status and season. Rates for homicide have remained steady and have a distinct profile. It is concluded that since 1980 there has been a significant underreporting of suicides in Portugal, which have been registered as controversial cases. The difficulty of investigating and preventing suicide with such statistical data is stressed; an improvement in suicide reporting and registering is urgently r

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02989.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—In Yugoslavia a special commision evaluates the working abilities of insured ill people. In the last 14 years the number of people referred to this commision has increased. For people assessed as being unable to work the most frequent diagnoses have been psychiatric and cardiovascular diseases. All individual requests for retirement on partial or full pension based on mental disorder (n = 1563) made in 1982 in Bosna and Herzegovina were studied. People who were awarded pensions were also followed up. The results obtained indicated that the willingness to retire is widespread among insured people, quite often regardless of the actual impairment of their working abilities. Data are interpreted in the light of the severe socioeconomic crisis Yugoslavia has been experiencing through the last decad

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02990.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Eighteen children classified into 4 diagnostic categories were compared based on their behaviour in a child‐adult interaction. The categories consist of autistic children with full syndrome, autistic children in a residual Kate, hyperactive children, and mentally retarded children. An ethological analysis of the interpersonal distance, the amount of physical contact, and the direction of the look/gaze was carried out to describe some behavioural aspects of infantile autism. The autistic children with full syndrome were found to be different from the other categories by a relatively close interpersonal distance, a high frequency of physical contact, and a low frequency of “look at

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02991.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—This article deals with certain preliminary findings obtained in a long‐term prospective study begun in 1982 using the interview method; the first follow‐up was carried out in 1986, the method consisting of a postal inquiry and the collection of recorded data. The sample consists of 200 randomly selected inhabitants of Turku born in 1920 and 189 individuals of the same age living in rural municipalities in the vicinity of Turku. During the 4‐year Follow‐up period the subjects’ biopsychosocial situation remained almost unchanged, showing that, for most people, retirement is not a scressor of crucial importance or a life crisis. Of the variables relating 10 the initial survey, poor subjective physical health, self‐assessed work disability, poor financial situation, change into a taciturn and timid individual in adolescence, the spouse's poor mental equilibrium, an excess of leisure time and general dissatisfaction with life were associated with subsequent mental disturbance as measured by use of the General Health

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02992.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The hospital records of 46 schizophrenic patients were studied retrospectively for postpsychotic collapse (PPC), defined in terms of underactivity. PPC was observed in 38 (83%) patients. The duration of PPC was strongly correlated with the duration of the acute psychotic phase after therapy started, and weakly correlated with the mean dose of antipsychotics per day in the acute psychotic phase, and with age of onset. The authors discuss PPC in terms of the effect of antipsychotics, of psychological reaction, and of understimulation in the hospital settin

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb02993.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY