摘要:

AbstractThis article aims to propose a mathematically legitimate and externally validated subclassification of chronic affective disorders. Three subtypes emerged from the cluster analysis of the symptom data of 40 patients with chronic affective disorder that had been present without remission for more than 2 years; the subtypes were then validated by psychosocial variables. The first cluster, a predominantly male group with young onset, is characterized by past history of psychotic features and is named psychotic subtype. The second cluster, a predominantly female group with late onset, is tentatively called late‐onset female subtype. The third cluster has the youngest onset and the longest duration, and is characterized by early object loss and high neuroticism score: depressive personality subtyp

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb08591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study demonstrates a simple epidemiological method to evaluate the changes in service pattern for a defined catchment area after the establishment of a hospital‐based community psychiatry service in Denmark. It measures the number of patients in contact with the service on 2 census days, before the new service was introduced and 3 years later, and deals with quantitative measures of sex, age, diagnosis and type of service contact. The services for 2 other areas are used as controls. A new community psychiatry service with an office situated outside the hospital is described and is shown to be superior to both the psychiatry service from the hospital and the rest of the hospital service: the number of inpatients and day patients were reduced by 42%vs12% and 16% respectively. The number of outpatients increased by 104% in the new service compared with 23% for the service located at the hospital. The increase in outpatient care for the service outside the hospital was mainly caused by contact with middle‐aged women with personality disord

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb08592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGreek and Danish women 15–45 years old who attempted suicide were interviewed with an extensive semistructured schedule, in Athens and Copenhagen, after admission to the intensive care unit of 2 general hospitals and one psychiatric reception ward. This article presents 2 groups from each country, a group of married women and a group with steady relationships (n= 56), focusing on the quality of their relationships and their significance for the women's suicide attempts. Most of the women in both countries had very poor relationships, as concerns communication, intimacy, concern, recreation, sharing of everyday activities and social and private life. A high degree of psychological and physical violence was found in all 4 groups. The burdensome and humiliating relationship created shame in the women. After unsuccessful attempts to change the relationship and inability to leave it because of financial and emotional dependence, the women attempted suicide to escape from the situatio

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb08593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNineteen consecutive case records of inpatients at a child psychiatric department with the diagnosis anorexia nervosa (AN) (DSM‐III‐R) were investigated to describe the family interaction pattern. To evaluate the families, the information from the case records was supplemented by interviews of the therapists and finally the result was discussed with the supervisors until agreement. The evaluation instrument used was Beavers’ Scales for Family Style and Function. Level of aggression, dominance pattern among parents, socioeconomic stratification and psychiatric diagnosis among parents were also evaluated. The study shows 3 groups of AN families, centripetal (53%), centrifugal (24%) and mixed (24%), supporting a hypothesis that AN families are a heterogeneous group. Evaluated family functioning was highest in the mixed group, followed by the centripetal group. The poorest family functioning and severest psychopathology among the parents was found in the centrifugal

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb08594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe validity of the general neurotic syndrome, a combination of anxiety, depression and dependent personality disorder, was examined in a 2‐year study of outpatients with dysthymic, panic and generalized anxiety disorder diagnosed using a structured interview schedule. The general neurotic syndrome, found in a third of the patients, was associated with greater mental disorder and a significantly worse outcome than patients without the syndrome. It did not, however, predict response to treatment. Further analysis revealed that the general neurotic syndrome was a better predictor of short‐ and long‐term outcome than any other variable apart from initial psychopathology score. It is argued that the syndrome may represent a personality diathesis that makes the individual more vulnerable to both anxiety and depressive sym

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb08595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBeta‐endorphin, cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal peptide were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy controls, and schizophrenic patients at the first diagnosis before any treatment and after 2 or 15 d of treatment with haloperidol. Beta‐endorphin concentrations were similar in controls and untreated patients, and increased with treatment. Cholecystokinin concentrations were higher in patients than in controls, and decreased during treatment. Vasoactive intestinal peptide was lower in patients and did not change with treatment. These observations are consistent with measurements of the same peptides in autopsy samples or cerebrospinal fluid. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells might be an useful tool for the study of some neuropeptides in br

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb08596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVery few studies have directly compared the risk for Alzheimer's disease in different ethnic groups. This may be due in part to the costs and methodological difficulties associated with conducting traditional epidemiological studies. The family history method, in which information is collected on the dementia status of relatives of normal elderly members of ethnic groups of interest, offers a less costly and more practical preliminary approach. In the present study, 6866 first‐degree relatives of 924 elderly, nondemented index subjects (305 Chinese, 212 Jewish, 215 Italian and 192 Puerto Rican, living in New York City) were assessed through family history interview for progressive primary and other dementias using previously published family history criteria. Both the Jewish and Italian groups had significantly increased cumulative risk for progressive primary dementia compared with both the Chinese and Puerto Rican groups. Although possible methodological biases cannot be discounted, these results appear to reflect differences between ethnic groups in the degree of risk for dementi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb08597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in blood platelets among criminals undergoing forensic psychiatric examinations was studied. As compulsiveness, disturbed perceptions of reality, etc. are states not known to be related to MAO and yet possibly cause aggressiveness and violence among psychotic patients, we divided the patients into 2 groups, psychotic and nonpsychotic offenders. There was lower MAO activity among violent offenders than among nonviolent offenders. The difference between the violent and nonviolent offenders became greater when the subjects with a history of psychosis were removed. Furthermore, in the group of psychotic offenders, there was no statistical difference between violent and nonviolent individuals in this regard.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb08598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMost of the characteristics differentiating between adolescent attempters and nonattempters do not have discriminative power in comparing 48 adolescents who recently attempted suicide with 66 depressed adolescents. These characteristics may probably be attributed to an affective disorder that is present in most of the suicide attempters. However, suicide attempters, compared with the depressed group, live in more problematic circumstances (such as family disruption or sexual abuse) and have a cognitive style that promotes a more negative evaluation of events and situations. Their depressive symptoms are distinguished from the depressed group by withdrawal and isolation, besides maintaining a hopeless and negative expectation of the future. Furthermore, there are reasons to accept the idea that suicidal behavior is a serious alternative within their behavioral repertoire. Based on these findings, a psychological interpretation is given concerning the dynamics leading to a suicide attempt. Also, intervention strategies are discussed.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb08599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA preliminary survey of 34 suicides among patients attending community services for the chronically mentally ill revealed a rate of 520 per 100,000 admitted. In contrast to earlier hospital surveys, no risk variables were identified for patients dying by suicide. Thirty‐four percent of suicides occurred within one week of the last treatment and 59% within 3 months of service entry. It appears that early and intensive follow‐up may be necessary to prevent suicide among patients receiving community psychiatric c

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb08600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY