摘要:

A controlled study was conducted on 25 bronchial asthma patients in order to understand their personality structure, interpersonal relationships, conflicts and adjustment patterns. Psychometric evaluation was done by administering Rorschach's test, Eysenck's rating scale for anxiety and neurasthenic tendency, and sentence completion test. The results revealed that the asthmatics were intelligent but inhibited. They had covert aggression, neurotic constriction and marked affectional and dependency needs. They had considerable anxiety and were unable to use their energy for constructive work. Excessive dependency on the mother and sexual disturbance were prominently noticeable. They were possessed with irrational fears, guilt feelings and insecurity. Though high goals were set they were unable to achieve them. The present data suggest avenues for further research in the cross‐cultural fiel

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A prospective study was carried out on 30 patients suffering from a psychotic episode following a stressful life event. They were found to have an Emotional, Timid, Sensitive, Tense and Insecure personality. Sleep disturbance, Affective symptoms, Histrionic behaviour and Excitement were the common clinical features. Sixty‐six per cent were found to be clinically and socially remitted during a 6 months’follow‐up. For 20% the diagnosis was revised to Affective Psychosis and for 10% to Schizoph

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some previous reports have suggested that lithium treatment is of benefit to women with the premenstrual tension syndrome (PMTS). In this study 15 women carefully selected for severe PMTS were given lithium carbonate (600–900 mg/day) continuously for three menstrual cycles. Lithium did not affect physical premenstrual symptoms and was ineffective in most women against behavioral premenstrual symptoms. Despite the low dosage most women also experienced significant drug‐related side effects. Although a statistically significant improvement was recorded by several symptom rating instruments, this benefit was of no practical clinical value. The three women who responded best to lithium, and who requested continued treatment beyond 3 months, met diagnostic criteria for subsyndromal affective (cyclothymic) disorder. Lithium is not recommended for the average woman with P

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An examination of the literature concerning the borderline revelas that different authors, using different concepts of the borderline state, are describing different patient groups. Related to the background of the generally accepted psychiatric nosological classification, three borderline concepts are clearly discernible: (1) borderline equated with a forme fruste of schizophrenia, (2) borderline equated with a general category of personality disorder (psychopathy) and (3) borderline equated with a special form of personality disorder.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Attitudes towards mental disorders have been studied in rural areas of Sudan and Northern India and an urban area of the Philippines using standardized interviews with key informants. On average each informant knew by name 3.6 individuals who corresponded to descriptions provided of common mental disorders. The conditions most frequently identified were mental retardation (in all three areas), alcohol and drug related problems (in the Sudanese and Philippines areas) and acute psychosis (in the Indian area). In the Philippines area, the majority of informants indicated traditional healers as the primary source of help for psychological symptoms; in all areas people were judged to be more likely to seek help for psychological than for physical symptoms from traditional healers.Perceptions of mental illness and their consequences have been presented in graphic form through “attitude profiles”. These reveal differences in responses to the seven mental disorders presented to the key informants through vignettes. More negative and pessimistic attitudes were found in the Indian area than in the other two areas.The study has been carried out within a programme to introduce community based mental health care as part of primary health care in developing countries. The results have already been used in selecting priorities and designing interventions to promote community involvement. Their eventual use in evaluating the effectiveness of new forms of mental health care is also descri

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evaluation of treatment modalities of drug dependence has specific theoretical and methodological difficulties. Ideological and invested interests also complicate the literature. This paper analyses the situation on different levels, concentrating on controversies about theoretical concepts, and problems connected to the variability of drug taking populations. Some suggestions are given.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Wishes for and conceptions of sex change have existed in widely different cultures for millenniums. Aetiological theories about the cause of transsexualism are reported, but it is concluded that we have no decisive knowledge favouring either one or the other theory. Treatment of the condition, including surgical operation, is therefore symptomatic.The importance of a careful phenomenologic elucidation of the condition is emphasized as a necessary precondition of the diagnostic demarcation, of creating the necessary contact with the transsexual, and necessary as a starting point for a therapeutic effort. The phenomenologic difference between the two transsexual sexes is emphasized by comparison with two narcissistic character types, both described byWilhelm Reich– the passive feminine character and the phallic narcissistic character. Both the transsexual male and female are characterized by an insecure gender identity. The transsexual male reacts to this insecurity and anxiety by withdrawing to conceptions of living in a submissive over‐aesthetical femininity. Aggressive and libidinal powers are pushed away from the consciousness, resulting in the often observed pseudo‐femininity in transsexual males. The transsexual female, on the other hand, seeks to subdue a similar insecure gender identity by obtaining ego‐satisfaction in adoption of strong outer attitudes and actions. She takes on a caricatured masculine attitude. It is shown how these phenomena are reflected in the sexual area. The transsexual man does not find the sexual genital satisfaction important, while the transsexual woman, on the contrary, is genitally fixated and preoccupied with sexual display.Among the transsexual males there is a delimited core group that is characterized by a stable ego‐structure, a good reality testing, plus the above‐mentioned character traits, specified by the special pseudo‐feminine narcissism and the lack of genital interest. We have not been able to make a similar cleavage of a core group among female transsexuals and the deliminations of this group are on the whole more difficult, especially concerning certain homosexual women.The necessity of delimiting the transsexual syndrome phenomenologically from psychotic conditions in persons with a desire for sex change

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In patients given long‐term treatment with lithium maximum urine osmolality was measured after 26 h of dehydration and after intranasal administration of desamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). A high correlation was found between the results of the two tests suggesting that the DDAVP test is a suitable method of assessing renal concentrating ability in lithium‐treated

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighty‐four young drug abusers and 84 non‐abusers admitted to a psychiatric ward were followed over a period averaging 3 years after discharge. According to information from the patients and their families, about one third of the abusers had stopped taking drugs and appeared to be well adjusted socially. The remainder had continued their abuse, periodically or continuously. Many of them had a large alcohol consumption. The incidence of delinquency was high, also for those who claimed to have ceased their abuse. Therefore, it seems doubtful that the course is as favourable as stated in the literature.The non‐abusers had fared much better, two thirds of them showing satisfactory adjustment.As to prognostic factors, intravenous administration proved to represent a particularly bad sign among the drug abusers, whilst a high alcohol intake was of special significance among the non‐

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Suppression of 11‐hydroxycorticosteroids (11‐OHCS) release with dexamethasone (0.5 mg) has been investigated in 52 patients with endogenous depression and also in normals and in patients with other mental diseases. The suppression was considerably less in depressives (‐19 ± 5 %) than in control groups (approx. ‐60 %). The dexamethasone test indices were normalized during remission. To elucidate mechanisms of the dexamethasone inhibiting effect, the influence of tryptophan, DOPA and benzodiazepines on the 11‐OHCS level and the degree of its suppression with dexamethasone have been studied. The data indicate a dual effect of serotonin on the regulation of the adrenal function: it stimulates CRF secretion and increases the inhibiting effect of corticosteroids on CRF release. It is suggested that during depression the negative feedback is disturbed in the system – brain monoamines‐glucocorticoids. The possible role of this impairment in depression pathogenesis

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY