摘要:

The relationship between the degree of depression and the circadian variation of serum TSH, T3and T4was investigated in 19 endogenously depressed patients. The difference between the hormone concentrations at 2 p.m. and at 12 p.m. was taken as an estimate of the magnitude of circadian variation. It was found that the circadian variation in serum TSH was inversely related to the degree of endogenous depression. This was mainly due to a diminution or absence of the night increase of TSH in severely depressed patients. A circadian variation of serum free T3was found in the less depressed patients whereas no diurnal change was found in serum free T4. In severely depressed patients there were no significant diurnal changes in free thyroid hormone concentrations. The results indicate a hypothalamic dysfunction in manic‐depressive psychosi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To assess some of the socio‐cultural reasons hindering psychiatric follow‐up studies in Iran, 107 depressed patients were followed up for a period of about 3 years. Home visits were made, following two successive letters to which only five patients replied. Forty‐five patients were interviewed, nine had moved, four refused interviewing, two were dead and the addresses or names of 47 were wrong. Wrong names and addresses, and behind them the illiteracy, change of address and the stigma of mental illness were the major causes of untraceability; the patients are inaccurate in giving their address and they may use one or another of their several names, surnames and nicknames.To make follow‐up studies feasible, and as the patients and their relatives are the main sources of information, a more efficient registration system should be developed, with due respect to the characteristics of the population, to ensure having complete and correct names and addresses and to ensure patients' continual contact with the

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The clinical effect of clopenthixol decanoate has been assessed in a 5‐month controlled study including 21 hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients. The ratings were done with BPRS, NOSIE‐30, the two psychological tests of WAIS and Grünbaum, and the rating scale ofSimpson&Angusto assess extrapyramidal side effects. Clopenthixol decanoate was found an effective and longacting antipsychotic compound with few autonomic and neurological side effects. Compared with previous maintenance treatment it also showed a positive influence on depression and facilitation of the social adaptation of the pati

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06898.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of 18 long‐stay patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were compared with a group of 10 age‐matched subjects who had been institutionalized by reason of physical disease, on performance on tests of intellectual function; and with a group of agematched healthy subjects, both on tests of intellectual function, and radiographically, using the technique of computerized axial tomography (EMI scan) of the brain. By comparison with the normal controls the patients with schizophrenia had increased cerebral ventricular size (assessed as cross‐sectional area) and, by comparison with both control groups, showed substantial impairments on intellectual testing. The differences in ventricular area between patients and controls remained significant (P<0.01) after four patients who had been leucotomized had been excluded. Within the non‐leucotomized patient group ventricular area was unrelated to previous neuroleptic medication, ECT or insulin coma therapy, but there was a significant relationship between ventricular area and intellectual impairment (P<0.01). Intellectual impairment, as assessed by the Withers&Hinton test battery, the Inglis paired associate learning test, and the digits‐backward test, was greater (P<0.05) in patients with negative features (affective flattening, retardation, poverty of speech) than in those without such features. Premorbid occupational histories suggested that nearly all of these patients had at one time functioned at an adequate intellectual level. The findings suggest that within the group of patients with schizophrenia there is a subgroup whose illnesses have hitherto been considered typically schizophrenic, who have severe intellectual impairment associated with evidence of structural brain disease. The size of this subgroup and the significance of the cerebral changes remain to be d

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06899.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study provides a social and psychiatric description of development, drinking pattern and concomitant psychiatric disturbances of 100 female alcoholics, admitted to the Department of Alcohol Diseases, Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm between 1963 and 1969. Comparisons are made between this group of women and 100 men of the same age, who were admitted during the same period. The criteria for selection were: 1) at least 7 days of in‐patient treatment; 2) early cases. The subjects were between 20 and 65 years of age with a mean age of 40. It is shown that the women started drinking alcohol at higher ages than the men. The episodic use of alcohol passed into regular use, which progressed into misuse at significantly higher ages. The duration of the development from the onset to an alcoholic drinking pattern was significantly shorter and so was the duration of abuse at the time of admission. Notably more women than men showed a lonely drinking pattern and cited a specific external cause of problem drinking. The women reported more nervous symptoms both in the growing ages and at admission, had received more psychiatric treatment both during childhood and in later life, and showed symptoms of other psychiatric disturbances in combination with alcoholism to a significantly higher degree than the men. Family history of alcoholism showed no differences between men and women, but the incidence of psychiatric illness was considerably higher for the first‐degree relativesof the fema

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is a report on the study of the prevalence and pattern of the use of dependence‐producing drugs on 1,192 postgraduate students from the faculties of Arts, Science and Commerce and final year undergraduate medical students. The overall prevalence rate of drug use was 50.08 % (65.22 % in medical and 34.85 % in non‐medical students). The highest drug use (76.43 %) was among male medical students. Male students preferred to use alcohol and bhang while femala had a preference for meprobamate followed by alcohol. In the majority of cases, the age of initiation was in the “teens”. “Friends” were most responsible for suggesting drug use, although “more than one” influencing agents out‐numbered all the single influencing agents. Parents were found to have a significantly “tolerant” attitude towards drug use by their off‐spring. “Personal reasons” were not responsible for indulgence in or abstaining from drug use. L.S.D. users had the maximum number of after‐effects. The effects experienced in respect of most drugs were generally unpleasant and sometimes contrary to the expectations of users. Most “non‐users” and “infrequent users” did not favour self‐decision for drug indulgence though some “moderate” and “frequent” users were in favour of giving this freedom for some substances. Stringent measum against drug use among students were advocated by all drug users.More males, particularly male medical students, than females reported drug experience. Among male users, religion, caste, earlier education, residence (both sexes), employment status, occupation of the father, parental education and family income (among females as well) were the variables f

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06901.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviews in this article:Seixas, F. A.: Currents in alcoholism.West, L. I.,&D. E. Flinn (eds.): Treatment of schizophrenia: Progress and prospects.Kreitman, N. (ed.): Parasuicide.Peters, U. H.,&H. Rieger: Das Pickwick‐Syndrom.Edinburg, G. M., N. E. Zinberg&W. Kelman: Clinical interviewing and counseling: Principles and techniques.Schulterbrandt, J. G.,&A. Ruskin (eds.): Depression in childhood: Diagnosis, treatment, and conceptual models.Manschreck, T. C.,&A.M. Kleinman: Renewal in psychiatry.Johnson, F. N.,&S. Johnson (eds.): Lithium in medical practic

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06903.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY