摘要:

ABSTRACT–A classification of schizoaffective disorders for research purposes is presented. Two main categories are preliminarily singled out: 1) that characterized by the consecutive appearance of an affective and a schizophrenic syndrome (type I), 2) that marked by the concurrent appearance of a full schizophrenic and a full affective syndrome (type II). Within type I, two subtypes are distinguished: 1) that beginning as a typical schizophrenic disorder and shifting later on into a recurrent affective syndrome (affective subtype), 2) that beginning as an affective disorder and showing in its further course a progressive schizophrenic development towards deterioration (schizophrenic subtype). For type II, a multiaxial classification is proposed. Axis 1 should be used to describe the cross‐sectional symptomatology, axis 2 to define the course, and axis 3 to note the presence of associated factors. On axis 1, schizoaffective disorder type II can be divided into a manic and a depressive subtype. Operational diagnostic criteria for each are provided. On axis 2, an affective (recurrent) and a schizophrenic (continuous with exacerbations) subtype can be distinguis

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02633.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Surface areas of the septum pellucidum, corpus callosum and the brain were measured from mid‐saggital slices obtained with magnetic resonance imaging in 18 patients with schizophrenia and an equal number of normal volunteers. The patients showed larger septa and septo‐brain ratios. These indices correlated with age in both patients and controls. In the patients, septal area also correlated with duration of illness. Changes in the septum pellucidum were unrelated to the intensity of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The patients had significantly longer corpora callosa, but the two groups did not differ on its size or the ratio between the latter and the mid‐saggital slice area. Dimensions of the corpus callosum did not correlate with age, duration of the illness or positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The anteroposterior elongation of the structure seemed to accompany enlargement of the septum pel

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02634.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to schizophrenias starting in early adolescence, before age 15. Diagnosis may be difficult because such early manifestations may differ from the classical schizophrenias and from the traditional subgroups. The authors caution against a too liberal interpretation of normal problems in adolescence. In comment on the literature, particular weight is placed on descriptions of schizophrenias in adolescence. Some typical early manifestations of schizophrenia are described including, among other traits, depressive states and sociopathic behaviour. Key symptoms such as thought disturbances or flattening of affect may be lacking. Five long‐term cases were chosen. None was classified in childhood as infantile borderline. A diagnosis of schizophrenia was made in adolescence. In the cases where Schneider's criteria are not fulfilled, other hard evidence of schizophrenia is given. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early diagno

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02635.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Neuroleptics were withdrawn abruptly from 14 hospitalized chronic schizophrenics. For 12 weeks the patients were observed from the aspect of psychic change and the development of withdrawal dyskinesia. Serum prolactin level, plasma dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase activity, cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid and norepinephrine levels were measured on the day prior to withdrawal and on day 14 of the study. Psychic deterioration showed no association with any of the tested biochemical parameters. The decrease in the CSF HVA and NE levels of the patients displaying symptoms of withdrawal dyskinesia was significantly smaller than in those displaying no dyski

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02636.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Psychomotor effects of oral lorazepam 3 mg were studied in psychiatric patients stratified into four groups: 1) a group of six patients with no previous use of psychotrophic drugs (NoD), 2) a group of 12 patients treated with antidepressants and/or neuroleptics (PsyD), 3) a group of 10 patients treated with low doses of benzodiazepines (BZs) (lowBZ), and 4) a group of nine patients treated with high doses of BZs (highBZ). Similar objective psychomotor tests and subjective assessments were administered under single‐blind conditions to all treatment groups at baseline, after intake of placebo, and after intake of 3 mg lorazepam. Both lorazepam (CGC) and total BZs (bioassay) in serum were assayed. The results demonstrate that treatment with BZs induce dose‐dependent development of tolerance to psychomotor effects of lorazepam. Antidepressants and neuroleptics failed to induce cross‐tolerance to lorazepam. The rise in serum lorazepam concentrations after lorazepam intake was similar (about 28 μg/1) in all treatment groups, suggesting a functional, not dispositional, tolerance. However, the initial learning effect in psychomotor performance was poorer among BZ users than amon

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02637.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Bufotenine given intravenously to a medically trained volunteer subject correlated with the appearance of profound perceptual and emotional changes which were of short duration. The compound rapidly disappeared from the blood and metabolites quickly appeared in the urine of the subjec

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02638.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Forty‐six lithium (Li) patients who had been on Li for about 1–11 years were studied while on Li and after about 3 months (7 weeks‐26 months) off Li. Kidney function was compared between patients on Li and the same patients off Li, and, in 32 matched pairs, between patients on and off Li and psychiatric controls. Urine osmolality (U‐osmol) was significantly lower, urine volume higher in patients on Li than in controls. Measures of both glomerular and tubular function improved when Li‐patients discontinued medication. U‐osmol remained somewhat lower than in controls and was negatively correlated with time‐on‐Li. Although serum creatinine was somewhat higher in Li‐patients off Li than in controls, clearance values were not different between the two groups. Long‐term lithium treatment causes a permanent reduction of tubular function. Time‐on‐Li is a risk factor. In this population the reduction was clinically insignificant. In addition, Li treatment causes a reversible reduction of both tubular and glomerular function. The results can probably be generalized to other outpatient Li populations with the same time‐on‐Li and with U‐osmol below 800 m

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02639.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Anger has traditionally been described as the most intense and prevalent affect in the borderline patient. This study was designed to characterize anger in the borderline patient in an in‐depth analysis by determining whether inpatients with DSM‐III borderline personality disorder differed from controls with dysthymic disorder. Standardized rating instruments including subscales of the Profile of Mood States, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Minnosota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were utilized. Results generally indicated that borderline patients manifested more severe anger than dysthymic controls. The findings are discussed in light of previous psychodynamic, empirical, and research liter

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The case of an autopsied patient with hypophyseal prolactinoma and dermatozoic delusions is reported, and the mechanism of onset of this special form of delusion is discussed from the neuroendocrinological view point, including response to medications, and neuropathological and pituitary yormonal studies. The subject (69‐year‐old female) with dermatozoic delusions suffered hypophyseal prolactinoma with high serum prolactin level. Major tranquilizers, minor tranquilizers, or drugs enhancing cerebral blood flow and/or cerebral metabolism did not expell the delusion. Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) was administered for prolactinoma treatment. After bromocriptine treatment, small doses of haloperidol successfully expelled the delusion. The neuropathological study indicates that the genesis of this delusion is not based on any organic change, but is induced by functional changes related to the prolactin and dopamine sy

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–All women (n= 30) who were to undergo microsurgical treatment for tubal infertility, and their partners (n= 29), were subject to individual interviews just before and 2 years after the tubal surgery. Initially, they answered an open question concerning their wish to have a child and then were asked to choose from a list of 36 alternatives, a maximum of five motives for having a child. The infertile couples’ motives were compared with those of three reference groups: one group of 30 who had decided to continue their pregnancy, another group of 101 women who also planned to continue pregnancy and a third group of 459 women applying for legal abortion. All motives on the list were categorized as “philosophical”, “social/cultural”, “interpersonal” and “intrapsychic” motives. The interpersonal and intrapsychic motives dominated both the infertile women and their partners. A central motive was that a child is an ultimate expression of love between a man and a woman. The motives of the infertile couples, generally, did not differ from those of t

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY