摘要:

Longitudinal data on 207 Danish subjects at high‐risk for schizophrenia (they have schizophrenic mothers) were examined to assess the direct and indirect effects of parental absence and institutionalization on the development of schizophrenic symptomatology. Information on the amount of parental absence and institutional child care during the first through 10th year was collected in 1962. A psychiatric evaluation, consisting of a standardized interview and two questionnaires (PSE and CAPPS), was administered to the subjects in 1972. Factors were constructed relating to eight clinical symptoms from the interview and questionnaires. Path analyses were performed separately for males and females with maternal absence, paternal absence and institutionalization as the predictors and the clinical syndromes as the dependent variables. The analyses showed both direct effects of parental absence and indirect effects mediated by institutionalization. For males, the absence of a schizophrenic mother was related to decreased symptomatology, but only when it did not result in institutionalization. Institutionalization was related to increased symptoms in males but not females. These results are discussed in light of previous research, and explanations are offered for the differential effects by se

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Among 130 patients who attended the neurotic diseases clinic in Benin 1963–1965, it was possible to follow‐up 60 patients 8–9 years later. Thirty‐four patients were diagnosed as anxiety cases and of these 21 had recovered and a further five were considerably improved. Nineteen patients were considered cases of neurotic depression and of these only three had recovered whereas 14 had residual symptoms, although five showed considerable improvement. Two of the depressive patients had died, one during the civil war, the other presumably committed suicide. Of five patients with hysteria, one had recovered and one had become worse, one patient with hypochondriasis had also recovered whereas one patient with obsessional neurosis did not recover. The results are in line with similar European and American follow‐up studies of neurotic disorder except that the depressive patients showed a less satisfactor

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

224 newly admitted inpatients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: standard care (length of stay determined by the clinical team) and brief care (acute treatment aimed at effecting the patient's discharge after about a week). Using a new research instrument (the Patient Behaviour Assessment Schedule), information was gathered from the patient's closest relative or friend on a subsample of 99 patients (the “target group”), which actually showed shortened length of hospitalization for brief care patients. There were no significant differences between groups at the two follow‐up evaluations on measures of behavioural disturbance and limited social functioning. Results for the whole “target” group reveal that although there was significant improvement in both behaviour and social functioning 2 weeks after admission, there was little subsequent change thereafter. Overall, individual patients demonstrated more improvement in behavioural disturbance than in social functioning at the follow‐u

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study deals with the role of time or space factors in bringing about depressive disorders. Anniversaries, dates or sensory perceptions associated with a depressive experience are seen to act as cues which can automatically unchain a depressive response at a later occasion. In a series of 53 patients suffering with different types of depressive disorders, a group of 18 (one third) were identified as presenting this kind of response.Clinical illustrations and descriptive characteristics are presented, together with an attempt at explanation of some of the mechanisms involved.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a pilot study, 32 patients with mixed states of anxiety, depression, somatization and panic received amitriptyline for 4 weeks, the dose ranging from 50 to 300 mg/day. Steady‐state plasma levels of the drug and activity of platelet monoamine oxidase were measured after 4 weeks. Clinical change was rated, using the SCL‐90. Amitriptyline produced a small but significant inhibition of platelet monoamine oxidase activity (range 1.4–82%). A significant positive correlation was noted between MAO inhibition and improvement on somatization, and psychological and panic‐phobic components of anxiety, but not for depression. No significant correlations were observed between improvement and combined or separate ami‐ + nortriptyline plas

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐four right‐handed patients undergoing primal therapy served as subjects in the study. They all showed symptoms of tension, anxiety, and/or depression. The patients’ right and left temporal EEGs were recorded immediately before and after a therapy session. Recordings were done while the patients were resting, and while they were performing a verbal and a visual task with their eyes closed.The EEG data were analyzed off‐line with a computer, using quantitative amplitude analysis in the 1.5 to 30 Hz frequency band. A “high intensity” group (n= 13) having high ratings of emotional activity in their therapy session was compared with a “low intensity” group (n= 11) with low ratings. The results showed that only in the “high intensity” group was there a significant increase in mean amplitude and amplitude variance in the right hemisphere, measured across conditions. A between‐group comparison revealed that the “high intensity” group showed a significantly larger increase in right hemisphere variance and in right over left variance ratio, relative to the “low intensity” group, in which these variables were almost unchanged. These results indicate a greater involvement of the right hemisphere in emotional activity. It is also suggested that the EEG changes found in the “high intensity” group, following a therapy session, reflect a general deactivation of the brain and a functional im

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The equilibrium binding constants of the interaction of tryptophan with albumin have been determined in plasma samples from both controls and patients suffering from affective disorders. The data corresponded with literature values for both the albumin concentration in plasma and the equilibrium constant for tryptophan binding to albumin. No differences in the equilibrium constants were detected between patients and controls but a small increase in the albumin concentration was noted in the depressives. It was agreed that this rise would be inadequate to lead to a significant effect on free tryptophan levels. Non‐esterified fatty acid analysis indicated no differences between patient group

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00662.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seventy Kuwaiti alcohol and drug‐dependent inpatients at Kuwait Psychiatric Hospital were compared with a matched group of 40 abstinent inpatients on a surgical ward in a general hospital in order to find out the drugs abused, pattern of consumption, the effects of prohibition and sanctions, motives, personality type, social complications, religious attitudes and family history. The majority abused alcohol (62%) followed by hypnotics. The reason most frequently stated for starting consumption was to relieve boredom (39%). Gamma type drinking was prominent at an early stage. The addicts showed a greater proportion of abnormal personalities. Prohibition and sanction had little effect but led to a shift to more toxic substances. The commonest legal involvement was driving offences. Compared with the control group there was higher marital instability and a higher incidence of alcohol and/or drug addicts in the families of the experimental group, and they were also less religious. The role of cultural and religious factors is discussed in detai

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey of mental health in relation to patterns of alcohol, tobacco, pharmaceutical drug use and reducing diets was carried out in six Hobart high schools and matriculation colleges. A response rate of 89% was achieved, yielding a sample of 2,419 teenagers. Psychiatric disorder was assessed by the 60‐item General Health Questionnaire. A statistically significant association was found between the probability of psychiatric disturbance and the use of alcohol, cigarettes, analgesics, vitamin supplements and weight‐reducing di

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY