摘要:

ABSTRACT—Sedative‐hypnotic drug use and abuse increased in Europe after World War II and peaked about 1972. Clinical and follow‐up descriptions of abusers support the concept of a psychiatric addiction syndrome, different from a low‐dose withdrawal syndrome. Although these drugs may be prescribed unnecessarily, large portions of the general population with pathological psychic distress and insomnia do not receive psychotropic treatment, in spite of findings pointing to genetic and biochemical factors in the genesis of these. Research on underlying mechanisms and the rationale for maintenance therapy is

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02713.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—This paper shows that the major psychiatric syndromes encountered in the West with the exception of personality disorder and sexual deviation are represented among patients in northern Nigeria. It draws attention to the increasing problem of alcohol and drug (Indian hemp) addiction in a predominantly Moslem society. 17% of the male cases were treated for alcohol or drug addictio

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02714.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTForty consecutively admitted suicide attempt patients in an intensive care unit, their therapists, and 70 significant others of 37 of the patients, were investigated by means of 300 semi‐structured interviews. The patients belonged to three diagnostic groups: neurosis, alcohol and drug abuse, and prepsychosis/psychosis. Thirty‐seven of the patients had communicated their suicidal intentions to people around them. All patients used protracted indirect verbal communication. Immediately before the suicide attempt, most of the neurotics continued often to use indirect verbal communication, amplified by demanding behaviour. Drug and alcohol abusers, moreover, also employed direct verbal communication, and prepsychosis/psychosis patients indirect non‐verbal communication. The majority of significant others understood the patients' suicidal communication and responded with near‐total silence. Ambivalence about continuing the relationship characterised most partners of patients in all diagnostic groups, and also persons other than partners in the abuse group. Ambivalence about helping the patient, and aggression expressed by significant others were most prevalent in the abus

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02715.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The relationship between paranoia and the borderline personality disorder continues to be the subject of debate. This study compares the extent and intensity of paranoia in 29 subjects fulfilling DSM‐III criteria for borderline personality disorder. The control group consists of 22 subjects with dysthymic disorder. Paranoia was both more prevalent and severe in borderline patients. Results are discussed in light of previous descriptive and research literat

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02716.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—In a survey of 351 chronically hospitalized adult psychiatric patients, clinical evidence of irregular respiration compatible with respiratory tardive dyskinesia was present in eight subjects (2.3%). In four, audible involuntary respiratory noises were present. All patients with respiratory irregularities had a facio‐bucco‐lingual dyskinesia and in four the dyskinesia also involved extremities and/or other regions of the body. The prevalence of respiratory irregularities amongst patients with tardive dyskinesia was eight out of 108 (7.4%); none of the patients without tardive dyskinesia had respiratory irregularities. The prevalence of respiratory irregularities was significantly greater in patients with an organic mental disorder (11.1%) compared with those without (1.3%) (P<0.005). None of the patients complained of their respiratory symptoms and none had been diagnosed as having a respiratory dyskinesia prior to the survey. In two patients the symptoms were severe, leading in one case to prominent gasping, dysphagia, severe choking when eating, and episodes of aspiration pneumonia. In a second patient the noisy respiration was interpreted as attention‐seeking and intimidating behaviour which led to rejection by the staff. In the remaining six patients respiratory symptoms were relativel

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02717.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The frequency of an abnormal response to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was examined in 38 geriatric patients hospitalized for medical illnesses and affected by depressive disorders diagnosed according to the DSM III, and in 18 medical patients (used as controls) hospitalized in the same ward. Only 11% of the controls and 11% of those affected by dysthymic disorder had an abnormal DST vs 73% of the patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The sensitivity of the DST for MDD, in this particular setting, was found to be about 73% and the specificity 89%. The importance of this clinical adjunct in diagnosing the severe depressive disorders is discusse

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The aim of the present study was to relate children's aggression levels to social determinants of interest (i. e., child‐rearing measures, day‐care attendance, peer group influence, and TV‐watching) in a sample of Chinese children in the People's Republic of China. A sample of 290 primary school students (155 boys and 135 girls, mean age 10.3) in grade four in Beijing were investigated using the Multi‐Faceted Aggression Inventory. The children's parents were asked about child‐rearing measures and day‐care experience for the child. Teachers rated the children's aggression, school achievement level, and membership in the Young Pioneers.Despite acknowledged limitations, the findings in this study gave evidence that according to a person‐environment interaction perspective, the Chinese children's individual differences in aggression were influenced by the restricted environment. As aggressive behaviour is undesired and suppressed in the Chinese culture in and outside the home, the Chinese children seemed to show lower levels and less variation of aggression behaviour than children in permissive environments (e. g., Sweden). However, when analysing sex differeces in aggression environmental influences alone might not explain

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Lithium is the primary treatment for manic‐depressive illness. The mechanism of action of lithium and its endocrine effects remain unclear. Therefore, the hormone responses to sequential stimuli, namely arginine, TRH, and LHRH, were studied in eight patients with major depression before and during treatment with lithium. The drug was found to elevate baseline TSH and prolactin and to augment both their responses to TRH. No clinically significant effect on sex hormones was noted. The advantages of the experimental design and the implications of the findings for lithium's mechanism of action are discus

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A new self‐rating scale, the General Behavior Inventory (GBI), was lower in eight controls and 61 patients in remission than in 32 depressed patients. Scores of depressed patients decreased over treatment time. GBI score correlated significantly with the past occurrence of manic plus depressive symptoms per visit and past mean mood shift per vi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The Newcastle Anxiety and Depression Diagnostic Index (NADDI) has been reviewed, and its advantages and disadvantages discussed. One hundred eighty‐seven patients were examined, and grouped into three categories by means of the NADDI, which produced a unimodal distribution of score. These three groups were studied in respect of the Hamilton Depression and SCL‐90 self‐rating scales. Significant profile differences were found on both scales. Patients with pure anxiety and pure depression were more distressed than the intermediate group of mixed anxiety‐depressed patients. The NADDI scale items were compared in four clinical groups of primary endogenous, primary nonendogenous depression, generalized anxiety, and panic disorder. Most differences were found when panic disorder was compared to the other three groups, and generalized anxiety disorder received minimal validation. Treatment response was also

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY