ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb10569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A community survey in metropolitan Taipei (MT) and two small towns (ST) by using the Chinese modified diagnostic interview schedule (DIS‐CM) revealed a significant difference in the prevalence of alcohol abuse (AA) defined by DSM‐III between two study samples (MT 3.4%; ST 8.0%), but the prevalence of alcohol dependence (AD) was not different (MT 1.5%; ST 1.8%). These figures are significantly higher than that of an earlier Formosan study. Demographic data, psychiatric symptoms, medical complications and impairment of social functions were adopted as the variables to validate the nosological status of AA and AD. The results of this study substantiated that AA and AD identified by the DISCM were nosologically different from a non‐alcoholic group. The possible reasons for an increasing prevalence of alcoholism in Taiwan Chinese were discussed. An etiological hypothesis was proposed for AA and AD on account of their differential prev

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The association of socio‐demographic factors and life events with psychotropic drug consumption, alcohol abuse and minor psychiatric morbidity was investigated in a representative community sample of 181 respondents. The statistical model used was a logistic multiple regression analysis. Psychotropic drug use was best predicted by family size and employment status; alcohol abuse by sex, family size and “exit” events; and minor psychiatric morbidity by sex, marital status and undesirable life

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A cohort of 300 young opioid addicts (203 male and 97 female) attending the City of Copenhagen Drug Treatment Service (200) or the Nordvang Hospital (100) for first‐time treatment during 1973 was personally followed up in 1980 and 1984. In both studies about 90% were traced. Outcome was classified on a four‐step scale according to current drug status and occupational status. In 1984 24% of the cohort were classified in the best outcome class while 26% were dead, yielding an average mortality of 2.4% per year. Sixteen per cent were classified as substance users, including persons mostly abusing alcohol or tranquilizers. In contrast to our predictions in 1980 the number of persons achieving stable abstinence does not turn out to be steadily increasing with time. The number of active drug addicts declines mainly because they die, not because they achieve abstinence. According to more strict criteria less than 20% would be classified as truly recovered. Another 5 — 10% achieve some unstable abstinence. The long‐term prognosis seems to be highly unfavourable for the study population a

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS) was presented to 99 depressed inpatients. The patients were categorized according to DSM‐III as suffering from minor depression, major depression without melancholia and major depression with melancholia and/or with psychotic features. Differences in self‐reported symptoms between these categories were studied with multivariate statistical techniques including linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and statistical isolinear multiple components analysis (SIMCA). Patients with minor depression rate themselves significantly less depressed than those with major depression. Patients with major depression without melancholia are less depressed than those with melancholia and/or psychotic features. The three DSM‐III depressive categories can be regarded as belonging to a clinical continuum in which they form relevant levels with quantitative differences in self‐reported symptoms. These differences are not only defined by gradual shiftings in the overall severity of illness, but also by quantitative differences in the severity of some target symptoms, i.e. agitation, retardation, diurnal variation, loss of libido, fatiguability. insomnia, anorexia, sadness an

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—This paper reports on the development and testing of a new Chinese diagnostic instrument — the Adult Diagnostic Interview Schedule‐Present (ADIS‐P). This instrument uses a selection of items adapted from DIS and SADS. It is administered within approximately 25 min by a trained clinician using a small portable computer that provides an immediate diagnosis. The instrument was tested on 1,331 patients from six large mental hospitals acorss the country. The concurrent validity was good: compared to the concensus diagnosis of two senior clinicians (who were blinded to the ADIS‐P result), the overall diagnostic accuracy was 83% and the weighted Kappa value was 0.60. The 1 month test‐retest reliability was satisfactory (weighted Kappa = 0.55). We conclude that ADIS‐P is a convenient, reliable and valid diagnost

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The purpose of this study was to ascertain the frequency of Alzheimer's dementia in the relatives of Down's probands and to establish whether these two disorders cluster together. Out of 128 families of Down's probands, only 67 responded to the questionnaire. Twelve cases of Alzheimer's dementia were found in the eight families of 67 probands. There was a significant increase in the frequency of presenile dementia, but no significant increase in senile dementia among the first and second degree relatives of these probands. The methodological problems were discussed and future directions suggeste

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—This is the second paper dealing with a Finnish long‐term prospective study, the objective of which is to shed light on adjustment to retirement and old age. At this point, only the results of the initial survey carried out in 1982 are available. The material consisted of a random sample of 200 individuals born in 1920 and living in Turku, and a corresponding sample of 189 persons living in rural areas in the neighborhood of Turku. The method consisted of a structured interview, certain questionnaires and a physical examination. There was a considerable discrepancy between the subjects’ subjective working disability and the frequency of evident and handicapping physical illnesses found by the physician. This difference was largely explained in terms of mental problems. Dissatisfaction with life was clearly more common in subjects receiving a disability pension and in those classified as psychiatric cases than in o

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Cognitive function among the elderly aged 65 or older was studied in a rural community of Korea. The prevalence rates of cognitive impairment were significantly higher in females (64%) than in males (33%). Sex differences of prevalence of both mild impairment (25% in males vs 45% in females) and severe (8% in males vs 19% in females) reached statistically significant levels. The prevalence of severe impairment increased with age, and the age‐related increase was steeper after 80 in males and after 75 in females. The prevalence of mild impairment, on the other hand, did not increase so prominently with aging. From this point of view, it could be assumed that severe cognitive impairment may be highly related to real dementia, and that the elderly with mild impairment may consist of heterogenous groups associated with cognitive dysfunction of mild deg

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—It has been suggested that dexamethasone nonsuppression in schizophrenia is related to the presence of negative symptoms. In a sample of chronic schizophrenic outpatients we could find no relationship between dexamethasone nonsuppression and negative symptoms. In addition nonsuppression was not related to depressive symptoms, anxiety or age. The cause of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal dysregulation in schizophrenic patients remains unclea

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY