摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the mood altering properties of exercise and its potential in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. The role of the brain monoamines, opioid peptides, the sympathetic nervous system, and cognitive behavioural theory as mediating pathways for the psychological benefits of exercise is critically examined. Clinical trials on exercise are reviewed and suggestions are made for future research in this field.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The organization of a psychiatric specialist service integrated in primary care is described. One of the aims was to replace admissions to the mental hospital with consultation and treatment within primary care. An 18% reduction of admissions was achieved over a 2‐year period. The staff at the local mental hospital to a large extent controlled the number of admissions. Lack of cooperation from part of the staff made a greater reduction of admissions difficult. It is argued that in order to achieve a true shift from institutional to community psychiatry, the use of the hospital beds should be monitored from the community leve

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The authors attempt to correlate the response to dexamethasone suppression test (DST) with a clinical response to antidepressant drugs in 68 patients with major depression. Antidepressants that influence noradrenergic or serotonergic transmission with relative different potencies were selected and used in standard doses for 6 weeks. The response was evaluated weekly by raters blind to DST results and to antidepressant medications prescribed. The retrospective analysis failed to correlate DST response with outcome of treatment. Therefore the present results suggest that this laboratory test does not help to identify subgroups of depressed patients responding preferentially to various antidepressant drugs.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Early statements by 41 depressive inpatients about a subjective change in their condition and about their attitude to proposed treatment were examined. These statements, made on the day after admission, were found to correlate with the outcome of the treatment. It was found that early subjective reactions can indicate to some extent, not only the result of hospital treatment for depressive symptoms, but also the outcome measured by objective and subjective criteria, after a 3 to 4 month follow‐u

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Pre‐ and post‐dexamethasone prolactin and cortisol levels of 40 endogenous and non‐endogenous depressive patients and of 20 controls were studied. Dexamethasone had a suppressive effect on prolactin levels, which was expressed more in normal controls and in non‐endogenous depressive patients than in endogenous depression. A “prolactin suppression test” by dexamethasone was constructed and provided comparable results to the usual DST. However, it failed to be a specific marker for endogenous depression. There are close relationships between various endocrine axes, which might be altered in

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Selected subjects from a group of first onset schizophrenics (aged under 30 years) were taken from a previous study and placed in one of two groups depending upon whether they had exclusively positive symptoms (n= 9) or a mixture of positive and negative symptoms (n= 9). Their linguistic profiles were compared with those of a group of controls (n= 10) matched for educational attainment and parental social class. Both groups of schizophrenics had significantly lower integrity scores, suggesting that they made more syntactic and semantic errors. Those patients who presented with negative symptoms tended to have speech of lower syntactic complexity than the other two groups, although this difference just failed to reach statistical significance. It is suggested that syntactic and semantic errors are state dependent features associated with positive symptoms, whereas low syntactic complexity may be a more enduring feature associated with the presence of negative symptoms.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The integrated geropsychiatric service of the Psychiatric Department of the University Hospital in Linköping consists of an observation ward, a day unit and an out‐patient unit. One of the main tasks of the last‐mentioned unit is to provide geropsychiatric consultations for in‐patients in the non‐psychiatric departments of the hospital. During the first 2 years from October 1982 to October 1984 300 consultations were performed. The consultations included registration of social, medical and psychiatric data, a psychiatric examination, discussions with the staff and a psychiatric report. Out of the total number of 300 consultations 294 could be evaluated completely. They comprised 247 individuals. The evaluation was performed after the first 2 years by screening the patients’ psychiatric records and reports and by computer‐analysis of 89 variables covering medical as well as social data. The patients’ mean age was 78 years and 52% were treated in the Department of Internal Medicine. Fifty‐three percent had had previous psychiatric contacts. Many were suffering from serious somatic diseases and 22% from depressive states. Only 9% showed no signs of psychiatric disorders. Twenty‐three percent of the patients were transferred to the geropsychiatric observation ward or day unit and only 3% were recommended to be certified and transferred to a mental hospital. Pertinent findings are discussed in the light of international data on geropsychiatric consultations and liaison psychiatry. The study shows the importance of providing special geropsychiatric consultations for in‐patients in somatic departments as a part of an integrated ger

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Thyroid function was investigated in a group of 21 patients with severe senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and in a group of 17 age and sex matched normal controls. Free thyroid hormone levels (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured, as were also the thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)). When compared to controls, patients demonstrated a significantly lower free T3value (but not free T4), a blunted TSH response to TRH, slightly elevated basal PRL and GH values and a small GH response to TRH. However, all differences were small in biological terms and were within the laboratory's normal range. This emphasizes the relative normality of neuroendocrine function, particularly thyroid status, in SDAT.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Previous studies of the maternity blues have failed to identify a consistent factor discriminating between the group of women who experienced the phenomenon and those who did not. The present study hypothesized that the maternity blues are a hormonally‐assisted grief reaction which will occur predominantly in women whose antenatal expectation of baby or delivery fails to be fulfilled by the reality events. The hypothesis was tested in a prospective study of 89 women. The phenomenology of the blues wasnotfound to be associated with the hypothesized sense of disappointment or anti‐climax despite many womens’ experiences falling short of expectation. Rather, the most powerful predictor of the blues was a sense of “pessimism” in late pregnancy which was actually fulfilled by postpartum reality. In addition, the triad comprising of severity of pre‐menstrual tension, unplanned pregnancy and consideration given to elective termination in early pregnancy was associated with increased incidence o

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The functional linkage between platelet MAO activity and psychopathology was explored by analyzing temperamental correlates in 40 male subjects by means of scales from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Inventory, and the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). Linear correlations were found with two sensation seeking scales, replicating earlier findings. However, nonlinear correlations predominated. Subjects with intermediate platelet MAO activity had higher scores in conformity scales and lower scores in anxiety and hostility scales than low and high MAO subgroups. Low MAO subjects showed a pattern of higher scores in KSP Impulsiveness, EPQ Neuroticism, and KSP Somatic Anxiety and Irritability and lower scores in KSP Socialization, in line with personality profiles found in alcoholics, psychopaths, and suicide attempters who also tend to have low platelet MAO activity. High MAO subjects scored lower in sensation seeking and conformity scales and higher in KSP Psychasthenia, Muscular Tension and Suspicion scales, consistent with clinical links between high platelet MAO activity and anxiety and paranoia.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY