摘要:

Anti‐psychiatry has exerted a substantial influence on the thoughts of workers in the field of mental hygiene; on those of the psychiatrically trained, but even much more on those without psychiatric training. Consequently it seemed important to me to investigate the strength of the foundation of this school of thought. This has been the objective of this study. The point of crystallization of anti‐psychiatry is the labelling theory on the origin of deviant behaviour. The scientific status of anti‐psychiatry stands or falls with that of the labelling theory. Since this theory has not been formulated in verifiable hypotheses, I ventured to formulate “theses”, and then tested these against empirical obtained data. The results of this study were largely negative. The empirical material does not support the labelling theory, and in many cases even contradicts it. Consequently anti‐psychiatry ‐ as a model to explain the development of psychological disorders ‐ has not a leg to stand on.The labelling theory has had great merits as a “sensitizing theory”. It has given momentum to innovative tendencies in psychiatry. Now that it has proved to be untenable in its principal points, however, it should be abandoned. It has become a rubber check, which has no scie

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The clinical efficacy of oral clomipramine and amitriptyline treatment (50–125 mg/day) was compared over a period of 2 months in 72 depressive patients visiting a psychiatric out‐patient clinic. Both drugs were equally effective as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. According to a nurse's independent evaluation of 13 items the two drugs were equipotent in relieving depressive symptoms and no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups were found in the global evaluation by the investigator and the patient. A trend in favour of clomipramine was, however, seen in several parameters.The declines in the Hamilton Rating Scale scores and the nurse's evaluation scores were highly significant during the first 2 weeks of treatment (P<0.001) in both groups and the scores continued to decrease during the 2nd month of the study.The most common unwanted effects were dryness of the mouth and fatigue. The frequency of side effects was 51% in the clomipramine group and 43% in the amitriptyline group. The side effects were generally mild and transient and called for discontinuation of treatment in only one case in each gr

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The clinical effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ) administered in accordance with a double‐blind design in one of three doses (200, 400 or 600 mg) were examined in 44 psychotic patients. The relationships between the effects and the CPZ concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed. The antipsychotic and side effects were rated according to the CPRS and the Simpson and Angus scale. CPZ concentrations were measured by a mass fragmentographic method. Treatment with CPZ resulted in a significant reduction of morbidity scores, without any clear dose relation. The final outcome was more favourable in women than in men. Extrapyramidal side effects but not somnolence were positively dose related.The antipsychotic effects tended to be positively related to the dose of CPZ in mg/kg as well as the CPZ concentrations in plasma and CSF. The greatest number of significant correlations between the CPZ concentration in CSF and the morbidity scores were seen after 2 weeks of treatment. The results indicated marked clinical improvement with CPZ concentrations above 1 ng/ml in CSF and 40 ng/ml in plasma. After 4 weeks of treatment the correlations between the CPZ concentrations and the clinical improvement were still positive but the coefficients were lower than at 2 weeks and only occasionally significant. Extrapyramidal symptoms were significantly related to the CPZ concentrations in plasma and CSF. Somnolence was significantly related to the CPZ concentrations in CS

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of diazepam and barbital in the treatment of delirium tremens and other acute conditions related to alcohol abuse was evaluated in a double‐blind trial. 91 patients participated in the study, 44 in the diazepam group, 47 in the barbital group. The choice of diazepam rather than chlordiazepoxide was motivated by its major anticonvulsive properties.Barbital was given by the oral route, diazepam as intramuscular injections. Different ways of drug administration to patients with delirium tremens are discussed. It is concluded that the two different ways used in the study probably did not have a noteworthy influence on the results.All patients were excluded who had taken psychoactive drugs before admission. Nevertheless a considerable part of the patients had diazepam, but not barbital, in the blood before treatment was initiated. This may give support to the use of barbital as a “special purpose drug” in the treatment of these conditions.The patients were divided into three diagnostic categories, according to the severity of the clinical condition. No difference between the two drugs tested was found in the milder conditions, but barbital was found superior to diazepam in the treatment of fully developed delirium tr

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Depersonalization is discussed and a brief outline of the primary symptoms is presented. The relationship between obsessionalism and depersonalization is reviewed in the literature, and subsequent similarities are presented. The intellectual obsessive depersonalization syndrome is postulated as a variant, and also as an exposition of what might occur in many other cases of depersonalization. Finally, a picture is presented which takes into account a strong component of obsessionalism in both the etiology and course of depersonalization.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviews in this article:Clauss, G. et al.: Worterbuch der Psychologie.Mosnainr, A. D.,&M. E. Wolf (eds.): Noncatecholic phenylethylamines, Part 1:Gunn, J.: Epileptics in prison.Stefanis, C., R. Dornbusch&M. Fink (eds.): Hashish.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY