摘要:

The aim of this study was to determine the value of positive, negative and depressive symptoms, and of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), in differentiating schizophrenics with and without a history of suicide. Fifty‐seven hospitalized patients with schizophrenia were assessed at the end of a neuroleptic free interval with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and with a dexamethasone challenge. Suicide attempters were significantly more likely to meet criteria for major depression than nonattempters. Scores on the HRSD differentiated the two groups whereas the sums of positive and negative symptom items from the BPRS did not. DST a.m. and p.m. cortisol values differentiated suicide attempters from nonattempters and HRSD scores correlated significantly with cortisol levels. This study confirms the importance of depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients with a history of suicide. Assessment of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis in schizophrenia may also provide useful inform

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated whether there are relations between type A behaviours and the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in blood platelets. Forty male nonsmokers completed the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) and had a blood sample drawn while at work. The JAS was scored in the traditional manner, yielding scores for ambitiousness (factor A), impatience (factor S), competitiveness (factor H) and job involvement (factor J). High scores on JAS scales were associated with low MAO activity in blood platelets; the correlation between platelet MAO activity and job involvement was significant. The findings agree with previous reports in showing relationships between MAO activity and certain personality traits and support the notion that low activity of MAO may contribute to sympathetic hyperreactivity in type A individuals.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty suicidal psychiatric inpatients were compared with 30 nonsuicidal psychiatric inpatients. A battery of self‐report tests was administered measuring suicide risk, violence risk and coping styles. The suicidal patients scored higher on both the suicide risk and violence risk. They also used almost all coping styles less frequently than the nonsuicidal patients. Among suicidal patients, suicide risk was negatively correlated with the coping styles of minimization, replacement and blame. Further, suicide risk and violence risk in suicidal patients were shown to be predicted by coping styles. These data indicate that suicidal patients have inadequate mental resources to deal with life problems. Besides their significance for assessing suicide risk, the findings may have possible clinical implications for case detection and early intervention with potential preventive valu

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bright‐light therapy is widely regarded as an effective treatment for winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD). We attempted to identify predictors of light therapy response in 54 depressed, drug‐free outpatients diagnosed with SAD by DSM‐III‐R criteria. After a baseline week, patients were treated for 2 weeks with 2500‐lx cool‐white fluorescent light exposure from 0600 to 0800 daily. The results showed that light therapy significantly reduced depression scores. Several indices of atypical and typical symptoms correlated with response, but none was clearly superior to the pre‐treatment depression score. A multiple regression analysis identified 3 factors (hypersomnia, increased eating and younger age) that predicted light‐therapy response. These results suggest that specific symptoms of hypersomnia and hyperphagia are predictors of response to morning bright‐lig

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For a five‐year period, 131 bipolar patients were followed every 6 months; for the next 5 years, they were followed yearly. Each patient was interviewed in a systematic way that gave information about episodes, hospitalizations, cycle lengths and the presence of alcoholism. Women and men were not significantly different in the number of follow‐up manic or depressive episodes or hospitalizations. Chronicity from index episode to the end of the 10‐year follow‐up was uncommon (4%). Alcoholism, which was common in these patients, showed a great diminution at the end of 10 years. Contrary to expectation, cycle lengths showed no systematic decrease in length over the follow‐up. In this naturalistic study, treatment intensity was not related to decreasing episodes or to changes in cycle length. The number of episodes in the first 5 years of follow‐up was not correlated with the number of episodes in the last 5 years. Cycle lengths in the first 5 years of follow‐up were similar in length to the last 5 years of follow‐up. A family history of mania in these bipolar patients was associated with more episodes in follow‐up than if such a family history were absent. The patients whose alcoholism predated the onset of their affective illness were less likely to have episodes in the follow‐up than the patients in whom affective illness predated the onse

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between family expressed emotion (EE) and family evaluation for symptoms and social adjustment of schizophrenic patients. Chronic schizophrenic outpatients in offshore islands under stationary therapeutic conditions were studied. For evaluation, the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) for EE and the Katz Adjustment Scale (KAS) for family evaluation of patients were used. EE level was high among relatives who thought the patient was belligerent, negativistic, unstable or helpless. High‐EE relatives tended to evaluate their patients' performance of social activities rather low and showed strong dissatisfaction with the patient's leisure activities. Moreover, a high emotional overinvolvement (EOI) value is more common in Japan than in other countries. A subgroup of the FMSS‐EOI, the emotional display, was seen where many mothers began to cry while speak

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The psychopathological status of 25 inpatients suffering from clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) according to Poser criteria was assessed by using standardized methods (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R, Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale, Hamilton and Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scales and the Structured Interview for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer Dementia and Dementias of other Aetiology (SIDAM). Magnetic resonance (MRT) (0.5 T; T2‐weighted sequence) of the brain was analysed by measuring the ventricular brain ratio (VBR), the area of the corpus callosum (CC) and the extension of hyperintense lesions of the brainstem, the temporal lobes and the brain at all. Six of 25 (24%) of these moderately disabled patients (mean Extended Disability Score (EDSS) 3.3) were diagnosed to suffer from depressive mood disorder (major depression or dysthymia); 2 were demented. In correlation analysis, depression was unrelated to age, gender, duration of illness, status of disability (EDSS) or the results of cognitive assessment. No relationship between the depression scores and the different MRT measures could be identified. The presence or absence of gadolinium enhancement was also uncorrelated to depressive symptoms. Fatigue as measured by the Fatigue Severity Scale was unrelated to depression or subcortical brain atrophy (increased VBR) but significantly correlated to the area of hyperintense MRT changes in brainstem and midbrain. Cognitive impairment (decreased SIDAM scores) was correlated to the total area of hyperintense MRT changes of the brain parenchyma. The type of clinical course (relapsing‐remittingvschronic progredient) was not found to influence the affective or cognitive state in our MS patient

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the study was to determine whether polysomnographic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep parameters distinguish between psychotic patients with and without a history of suicidal behavior. We examined both hand‐scored and automated measures of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in psychotic patients with and without a history of suicidal ideation or attempts. Patients with suicidal behavior had significantly increased REM activity and time both in the whole night data and in the first REM period. These findings suggest an association between REM sleep abnormalities and suicidal behavior, perhaps related to alteration in serotonergic functio

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For the simultaneous measurement of manic and depressive symptoms, the Chinese Polarity Inventory (CPI), a 20‐item self‐report scale, was developed. A total of 329 depressive and 356 manic/hypomanic patients were recruited in this scale developmental study in China. All patients completed the CPI and either the Chinese version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (for depressed subjects) or the Chinese version of the Bech‐Rafaelsen Mania Scale (for manic subjects). The CPI was found to have excellent reliability and satisfactory concurrent validity. Construct validity analysis was performed using principal component analysis, which yielded 4 clinically meaningful factors: activity, pleasurability, capability and irritability. The CPI was sensitive in differentiating different severities of depression and mania. However, its ability to differentiate mixed phase from other mood states and its sensitivity to changes during the treatment still need to be studied fu

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To evaluate the impact of familial loading and gender on age at onset, 197 schizophrenic patients were investigated. Patients with familial loading had an earlier age at onset without gender differences. In contrast, an earlier age at onset for men was found in sporadic cases. These data support that both gender and familial loading contribute to the heterogeneity of schizophrenia.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01500.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY