摘要:

The occurrence of a sudden outbreak of agranulocytosis in Finland among patients being treated with clozapine led to intensive investigations in an attempt to find a local precipitating factor. Granulocytopenia after clozapine was found to have the same characteristics as that reported after phenothiazines. No local factor, either genetic or environmental, was found which could have been responsible for the increased frequency of occurrence in Finland. The need to be aware of the risk and to take appropriate precautionary measures (e.g. weekly leucocyte counts in the first months) is emphasized.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty males with Klinefelter's syndrome discharged from psychiatric hospitals with diagnoses classified as psychosis are presented. It is concluded that the higher frequency of psychoses in males with the Klinefelter syndrome most probably is due to reactive psychosis. Personality traits commonly found in these males may explain this. The importance of early diagnosis of the Klinefelter syndrome is stressed, as it is believed that treatment and advice in due time may prevent most of the reactive psychoses.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A comparison of loxapine and haloperidol parenterally in acute psychotic, agitated patients was carried out as a randomized double‐blind trial. The trial covered 15 patients in each group, and the diagnoses were psychogenic psychosis (18 cases) and acute schizophrenia (12 cases). The patients received 25–50 mg loxapine or 2.5–5 mg haloperidol combined with biperiden 2.5–5 mg every 6–12 hours over a 72‐hour period. The average daily dose was 130 mg loxapine or 12 mg haloperidol.Sedation, agitation/excitement and aggressive behavior were scored prior to treatment and at specified time intervals after the first two injections. As far as sedation is concerned a significantly stronger effect and a more rapid onset of action were seen in the loxapine group when compared with the haloperidol group. The differences were most accentuated in cases of acute schizophrenia. Furthermore there was a tendency to a better control of agitation/excitement and aggression in the loxapine group. Scores on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression scale showed no significant differences between the two groups.In spite of prophylactic treatment with biperiden, seven of 15 patients in the haloperidol group experienced extrapyramidal side effects. The most frequent side effect in the loxapine group was atypical dizziness.Loxapine i.m. appears to be a valuable drug in cases of acute psychosis where strong sedation as well as strong antipsychotic effect are necessary for behavio

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A pair of male monozygous twins of gynandromorphic habitus but normal male body hair and genitalia, who appear concordant for transsexualism and explosive personality disorder but discordant for schizophrenia, is presented. No evidence of specific family dynamic factors, imitative learning or folie à deux was found in the twins' history. A constitutional aetiology of their transsexualism and one twin's schizophrenia is suggested. The relationship between transsexualism and schizophrenia is briefly reviewed. No evidence can be found that the modal transsexual is suffering from a schizophrenic disorder, florid or attenuated. A more subtle relationship is possible of transsexualism occurring as a schizophrenic spectrum disorder. This twin pair appears to illustrate such a relationship

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a double‐blind study the therapeutic effect and tolerance of pizotifen was compared with placebo in 20 outpatients of both sexes suffering from light to moderate depression. Pizotifen seems to possess certain antidepressive effects in dosages of 4–10 mg daily. These properties, and the well‐documented effect of pizotifen in migraine, could make it an alternative in treating patients suffering from the often seen combination of vascular headache/depre

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In psychotic patients, levels of prolactin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with chlorpromazine (CPZ). CPZ was given in one of three randomly selected fixed doses: 200, 400 or 600 mg per day.Before treatment, low levels of immunoreactive prolactin‐like material (PRL) were found in the CSF of most patients. The concentration in CSF was about 20 % of the plasma level. In CSF but not in plasma, the pre‐treatment level of PRL was significantly higher in women than in men. During CPZ treatment, the PRL levels in CSF as well as in plasma were significantly elevated in both sexes after 2 as well as 4 weeks. The elevation was significantly greater in women, and was similar at the two time intervals studied. There was a significantly positive relationship between the dose of CPZ and the PRL elevation in both body fluids in both men and women. Before treatment no significant correlation between the PRL levels in CSF and plasma in either sex could be observed. During treatment, there was a significant correlation between the change in PRL levels in CSF and plasma in both men and women. CPZ treatment did not increase the levels of total protein, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) or oestradiol‐(17‐β) in either the CSF o

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 2,716 patients attended a neurological out‐patient clinic in North East England between May 1970 and May 1974. The symptomatology of 358 patients with primary psychiatric illness has been analyzed in a retrospective study. There were 172 symptom wordings and these were grouped in 18 headings. The most common symptoms were headache, dizziness and pain in the body. The presenting symptoms were analyzed with reference to age, sex, pattern of referral, diagnostic category and method of disposal. Aspects of non‐organic disease in a neurological clinic are discus

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A double‐blind evaluation of the antidepressant efficacy of treatment with a combination of orally administered L‐tryptophan (L‐TP) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was made in patients suffering from endogenous depression. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, one treated with L‐TP (6 g daily) and unilateral ECT, the other with placebo and unilateral ECT. L‐TP treatment was initiated at least 1 day before the first ECT and terminated 4 days after the last ECT.There was a good agreement between the two groups in several measures of antidepressant efficacy: doctors' and patients' ratings of depressive symptoms, and doctors' global rating of therapeutic effect 4 days and 1 month after the last ECT. In the L‐TP group, however, there was a significantly better effect on retardation symptoms in the nurses' rating scale. This difference, which is not consistent with other measures of amelioration, contributes, at most, to a marginal therapeutic addition to the antidepressant effect of ECT. It is concluded that oral administration of L‐TP, in the dose of 6 g daily, is not of practical value for potentiating the antidepressant ef

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum levels of total L‐tryptophan (L‐TP) were determined in patients suffering from endogenous depression, randomly assigned to two groups, one treated with L‐TP (6 g daily) and unilateral ECT, the other with placebo and unilateral ECT. L‐TP treatment was initiated at least 1 day before the first ECT and terminated 4 days after the last ECT. The degree of amelioration in depressive symptomatology was measured by doctors', nurses' and patients' rating scales.There was a close similarity in the levels of L‐TP concentration in the two groups before treatment (mean values 1.27 mg% and 1.28 mg%).ECT seems not to alter the serum L‐TP levels, judging from the values before and during treatment in the placebo group.During treatment, there was, as expected, a considerably higher L‐TP concentration in the L‐TP group (mean value 4.01 mg%).The L‐TP concentrations were bimodally distributed in the L‐TP group. This bimodality was not correlated to clinical variables.No relationship could be found between pretreatment L‐TP levels and depressive symptomatology. No evidence is therefore obtained that L‐TP levels are a pathogenic factor.There was no correlation between initial L‐TP levels and residual symptomatology 4 days and 1 month after the last ECT. Thus the L‐TP levels before treatment seem not to be of value in predicting “responders” to L‐TP treatment combined with ECT or to ECT alone.The levels of L‐TP during the treatment with L‐TP and ECT showed no relationship to residual symptomatology after the treatment. Thus the L‐TP levels do not seem to have a therapeutic significance wh

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY