摘要:

ABSTRACTSomatostatin was originally isolated as a 14‐amino‐acid peptide from the ovine hypothalamus. The peptide has a widespread regional distribution within the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in peripheral organs. Preservation of the chemical structure over a wide range of vertebral species indicates important functional roles of the peptide. Recent results about the role of somatostatin and related peptides in different psychiatric (depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease) and neurological (Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease) diseases, and the effects on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis are summarized. Also, the influence of some psychotropic drugs (haloperidol, carbamazepine) on somatostatin levels in cerebrospinal fluid is di

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAntidepressants are ineffective in about 30% of patients with major depression. Some authors then advise treatment of non‐responders with (non‐tricyclic) more selective reuptake inhibitors. In a double‐blind, partial crossover study, 71 patients were selected for treatment during 4 weeks with oxaprotiline and/or fluvoxamine, two non‐tricyclic antidepressants that are selective reuptake inhibitors of noradrenaline and serotonin respectively. All patients had failed to respond to earlier treatment with cyclic antidepressants during the current episode. Only 13% of the patients responded, with 27% of them responding to oxaprotiline and none to fluvoxamine. Moreover, a low response of 27% was also obtained in the crossover phase, which included all non‐responders to the first treatment, oxaprotiline being effective in 39% and fluvoxamine in 10% of the patients. The results indicate that selective reuptake inhibitors are not an effective alternative for non‐responders to other cyclic antidepressants and that non‐responders to “nor‐adrenergic” antidepressants do not appear to have much chance of responding to “serotonergic” antidep

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAntidepressants are ineffective in about 30% of the patients with major depression. Besides electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and lithium, MAO inhibitors have been suggested as an alternative in such patients. In 2 controlled, partial crossover studies involving 47 patients with major depression who had already been treated unsuccessfully with at least 2 cyclic antidepressants, the effect of the MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine was studied. The first study was an open comparison with L‐5‐hydroxytryptophan (L‐5HTP), the second study a double‐blind comparison with nomifensine. Neither the patients treated with L‐5HTP nor the patients treated with nomifensine, except one, improved. In contrast, tranylcypromine was effective in 50% of the patients. The depressions of the responders to tranylcypromine appeared to be more endogenous (according Newcastle Scale II) and of shorter duration than those of the non‐responders. It is concluded that MAO inhibitors such as tranylcypromine are an effective alternative to ECT and lithium in patients with major depression who have failed to respond to cyclic anti

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTo explore the role of the somatomedin‐mediated long‐loop negative feedback mechanism in altered growth hormone (GH) secretory dynamics associated with depression, plasma IGF‐I concentrations were measured in 34 patients with a major depressive episode and matched healthy subjects. Compared with controls, depressed patients exhibited significantly increased plasma IGF‐I concentrations. In the patient group plasma IGF‐I concentrations were positively correlated with the maximum post‐dexamethasone plasma cortisol concentrations. Our data suggest that increased plasma IGF‐I concentration may reflect diurnal GH hypersecretion, contribute to deficient GH responses to dynamic challenges, and indicate an interrelationship between the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐somatotropic (HPS) and ‐adrenocortical (HPA) system regul

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was administered to 20 patients with schizophrenic illness. Ten of these patients also had tardive dyskinesia (TD). The scores on TD and parkinsonism scales were significantly higher in DST nonsuppressors. There was also a significant positive correlation between the post‐dexamethasone cortisol level and the movement disorder scale

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTErythrocyte sodium and potassium were measured in 71 patients with a variety of psychiatric disorders and 39 normal controls. Alterations in red cell sodium and potassium occurred in association with changes with mood state in affective illness. However, alterations in erythrocyte potassium may be a non‐specific finding in all psychiatric illness. The methodological limitations of our study are discussed. Our data suggest that further study is required to clarify the role of intracellular electrolyte disturbances in psychiatric illness, particularly affective disorder

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA study aimed at the standardization of symptom evaluation of patients with depression was carried out as the first step in an extensive collaborative study on affective disorders between centers in Nagasaki, Shanghai and Seoul. This study was initiated in order to clarify the factors affecting the low reported prevalence rates of depressive disorders in Asia. No significant difference in evaluation of psychiatric symptoms was observed between the 3 centers. Nevertheless, the diagnoses given by ICD‐9 showed very interesting differences. For any given case, Nagasaki tended to make a diagnosis of an affective psychosis depression, while Shanghai made a diagnosis of neurotic disorder. No significant tendency was observed in the Seoul center. These findings are discussed in terms of their importance for future international collaborative studie

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPsychobiological aspects of low‐dose benzodiazepine dependence (LBD) and drug withdrawal were investigated in 76 middle‐aged and elderly chronic insomniacs in a sleep laboratory. Comparison with drug‐free insomniacs showed that LBD leads to a complete loss of hypnotic activity and substantial suppression of delta and REM sleep. Only small differences were found between benzodiazepines with different half‐life time. Upon withdrawal, recovery from this suppression, especially in REM sleep, occurred, while insomnia did not increase. The patients, however, reported sleeping longer while taking the drug compared with withdrawal. This misperception seems to be a specific effect of benzodiazepines, and contrasts with the full awareness of insomnia upon withdrawal. It is concluded that these effects play a leading role in the patients’ inability to escape their sleeping pills. The response of REM sleep to withdrawal should make this a useful measure to objectively confirm low‐dose benzodiazepine

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTManifest psychopathology, life events, family history and personality traits were studied in a group of 22 patients diagnosed to have reactive psychosis. Individually matched healthy controls were also assessed for life events. The patient group had significantly higher weighted stress scores than the controls. Compared with Scandinavian patients, the study patients had more delusions, hallucinations and emotional syndrome.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe relation between age at onset of schizophrenia diagnosed using DSM‐III criteria and the presence or absence of this illness among first‐degree relatives was investigated in 2417 patients. The mean age at onset among those with a family history of schizophrenia was slightly and nonsignificantly earlier than that of schizophrenic patients without a positive family history. The former developed their illness before the age of 25 years more frequently than did the lat

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY