摘要:

ABSTRACT–The death rate for persons in Stockholm born in 1905 has been investigated during a 9‐year period (1971–1979). In 1971 these persons were invited to participate in a health check‐up. Another check‐up was carried out 3 years later, during which a psychiatric examination of 589 persons was undertaken. The correlation between depressive disorders and mortality was investigated in two steps. The death rates for those subjects who had responded affirmatively to items in a questionnaire indicating depression were compared with the death rate for the remaining responders. The death rates for those subjects considered to have neurotic disorders or sleeping disturbances in the psychiatric examination were compared with the death rates for the members of a control group considered to be without psychiatric symptoms. Both methods gave fundamentally the same result: there is an excess mortality among persons with depressive symptoms compared to persons without. The death rates were significantly higher in the populations that did not participate in the health check‐ups than in those who did. The rates of suicide were also greater in the non‐response populations. None of the persons who participated in the 1974 health check‐up committed suicide during the next 3 years. The study shows that physically and mentally healthier persons were overrepresented among those who participated in the health check‐ups at the

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02471.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The therapeutic efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of zimeldine in elderly depressed patients were evaluated after administration of different doses of the drug in once daily evening doses. The doses of zimeldine were 100 mg during the first 2 weeks, 150 mg during the next 2 weeks and 200 mg during the last 2 weeks. Nine of the 11 patients (mean age 78 years) included in the study completed the 6‐week treatment period, and all nine improved according to the Hamilton depression rating scale. The drug was well tolerated and the side effects were few and mild. No influence of clinical importance was noted in haematology, liver and kidney functions, EEG, blood pressure or pulse rate. Steady‐state plasma concentrations of zimeldine, and its active metabolite norzimeldine, were achieved in most cases after 1 week of treatment in each dose regimen. The plasma concentrations increased linearly with the increase in dose. The maximal interindividual variations in plasma concentrations were 8‐fold for zimeldine and 3‐fold for norzimeldine. The plasma levels of both zimeldine and norzimeldine were higher in the elderly than reported earlier in younger patients. The ratio of norzimeldine/zimeldine concentrations was reduced in the elderly, indicating a reduction of the metabolic capacity. The results suggest that zimeldine can be administered in a once daily dosage regimen to elderly patients, but they should be given a lower dose than younger

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02472.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal function was investigated in alcoholic patients using the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Seventy‐two patients were studied when they had been abstinent from alcohol for 3 to 6 weeks. Eight patients undergoing detoxification and 79 control subjects were investigated for comparison. Alcoholic patients after a 3‐ to 6‐week abstinence period showed significantly higher prevalence of abnormal DST results (28 %) than control subjects (11 %). Patients undergoing detoxification showed even a higher prevalence of abnormal DST results (62 %). Abnormal DST status was not associated with the presence of depression in these patients but was associated with abnormal liver function. It is supposed that abnormal DST responses in alcoholic patients are not diagnostic of depression but appear to be related to effects of alcohol either on liver metabolism or on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal f

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02473.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–On the basis of studies carried out in a group of 44 patients with endogenous depressive illness, the authors conclude that MHPG in urine is not a good predictor of response to amitriptyline treatment. There are no correlations between MHPG level and clinical improvement after 2 weeks’ treatment and with final results of the ther

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02474.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Seizure duration in unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was recorded by means of EEG in an intraindividual comparison under different alveolar O2‐ and CO2‐concentrations. Hypocapnia induced by hyperventilation to an alveolar CO2‐concentration of 2 % (2 kPa) resulted in a highly significant increase in seizure duration compared to a normal CO2of 5 %, when the alveolar O2‐concentration was constant at 92 %. Oxygen ventilation to an alveolar O2‐concentration of 92 % gave no significant increase in seizure duration compared to 15 %, obtained by ventilation with air, when the CO2‐concentration was kept constant at 5 %. Seizure duration seems to augment progressively with decreasing alveolar CO2

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02475.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The EEG's of hospitalized males with the sole diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (n= 37) were compared to those of a group with only dysthymic disorder (n= 31). Borderline patients were found to have significantly more marginal, definite, and combined (marginal and definite) abnormalities on the EEG. The most prevalent abnormality in the borderline was slow‐wave activity. The mixture of wave frequencies occurring in the electroencephalogram, known as fusing, occurred significantly more often in the borderline group compared to the dysthymic group. Severity of illness of the borderline group and the depressed group was not significantly correlated with EEG abnormality. Neurophysiologic implications for the pathogenesis of the borderline personality disorder are discussed in light of these findi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Serotonin, a preferred monoamine oxidase (MAO) A substrate may be deficient centrally in suicide victims. In postmortem samples of frontal cortex from suicide victims we demonstrated receptor changes in the serotonergic system supportive of this hypothesis. These changes were not accompanied in this series of brain samples by alterations in either MAO A or B enzyme kinetics. Thus brain MAO A is not a useful indicator of altered serotonergic function in suicide victims. We did confirm an age‐related increase in cortical MAO B but not MAO A enzyme concentrations in both controls and suicide vict

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The C3and haptoglobin phenotype distribution was studied in 60 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. In contrast with earlier reports we did not find any significant association between dementia of the Alzheimer type and certain C3or haptoglobin phenotype

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–A method of demonstrating syndromes by means of Bayes's formula with correction for redundancy is described. By analysing a database from 421 patients, it was possible to produce the well‐known syndromes and alternative patterns forming the basis for a diagnosis, choice of treatment and estimation of its results. In this way an inferential classification is prepared while other and similar methods mainly make use of a denominational classification. Advantages and disadvantages of both procedures are discus

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Four hundred and forty‐one school children studying in local primary schools were referred during 1980–1981 to the Psychological Assessment Clinic in Nairobi (Kenya) for poor academic performance. The most frequent cause for the learning difficulties of these children was mental retardation. In one third, emotional disorders were responsible for their learning difficulties. Currently, even mentally retarded children are admitted into the existing educational system and are unable to cope. Recommendations for the future are

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02480.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY