摘要:

AbstractIt has recently become possible to arrive at a testable bio‐psychological model, according to which a dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex is the common factor in psychotic disorders; if persistent, this leads to a dissolution of the highest level of brain function, in the sense of Hugh‐lings Jackson. The model is in agreement with newer findings in normal and pathological physiology and can serve as basis for specific experimental questions. It is compatible with a unitary epistemological viewpo

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMother‐infant interaction during feeding and in an unstructured play situation was studied in the home at 3 weeks and 6 weeks of age in index mother‐infant pairs in which the mother had a history of non‐organic psychosis (n = 42 and 51 at 3 and 6 weeks, respectively) and in demographically similar control pairs (n ‐ 60 and 78J. At both ages, interaction was significantly more negative in index than control cases, index mothers showing increased tension and a lack of harmony, decreased social contact, and reduced sensitivity to the infant's needs. Fewer significant differences were found between index and control infants. Mothers in the Schizophrenic, Cycloid and Nonendogenous groups evidenced more negative interaction characteristics than did their matched controls, but the Affective group was not in any way more negative than its c

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighty‐two patients, who were treated for post partum illness between 1946 and 1971, were identified and followed up. Diagnostically, the sample comprised unipolar depression (52%), bipolar disorder (18%), schizophrenia (16 %), abnormal personality with depression (8 %), organic disorder (2%), and obsessional state with depression and paranoid disorder (1% each). The overall prognosis was good, except for schizophrenia, in which more than 50 % of patients had chronic disability. Further childbirth intensified, and caused deterioration of, the underlying schizophrenia process. Following an initial illness in the puerperium, the probability of a recurrent affective illness was 43 % for unipolar and 66 % for bipolar disorder. The risk of developing another post partum illness varied from 1 in 3 to 1 in 5 pregnancies. Five percent of the sample ultimately committed suicide, and the probable incidence of infanticide was 4

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn ordinal scale to measure severity of alcohol problems in a follow‐up study was constructed. The measure refers to the preceding 6 months and is based on reports of amount of alcohol consumed, drinking pattern, signs of alcohol dependence and time sober. The measure was tested on 300 patients reinvestigated about 2H years after discharge for inpatient treatment for alcoholism. Thirteen percent of the patients had no alcohol problems and 22 % had severe alcohol problems. Rather more than one quarter of the group (27 %) were classified as positive intermediates and 38 % as negative intermediates. These results were compared with other data and information obtained from official records. It was concluded that the measure had satisfactory validit

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present research1is a retrospective study to establish whether the number of suicides and attempted suicides has varied over two decades and which factors ‐ size of the hospitals, patient admissions, physician and nursing personnel relationship with the patients, and forced admissions ‐ are connected with such change. The analysis covers the decades 1950‐1959 and 1967‐1976. It was possible to establish a significant increase in attempted suicide and suicide during the second decade relative to the first one. The increase in suicide rate was observed in only three of the 10 investigated hospitals, while the attempted suicide rate increased in four hospitals. A relationship between number of beds and attempted suicide was observed only during the second decade and for suicide only in the first decade. In both decades forced admission had a significant influence on attempted suicide in contrast to

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA two‐phase cross‐sectional study on the prevalence of psychological disorders was carried out in a sample of 1,574 adult male and female residents of two boroughs in the greater Athens area. The analysis focused on the detection of any possible effects (risk factors) that personal data (such as sociodemographic profile, use of psychiatric services, medication and experience of stressful life events) may have on mental health; information about the latter was assessed by Langner's scale. The findings are that all the independent variables investigated affect the respondents’ psychological status, although interactive effects between variables predicted different patterns of psych op athological symptom form

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNine tardive dystonia cases were compared with 13 tardive dyskinesia cases selected for the severity and persistence of their involuntary movements. Both groups were neurological referrals from an identical source. While advanced age and female preponderance were prominent features in tardive dyskinesia, onset in most tardive dystonia cases occurred in young adulthood, and the sex distribution showed a slight majority of males. Other differences in the dystonia group included gait abnormalities in four cases, lower tolerance of neuroleptic discontinuance, with the reappearance of psychoses, and a poorer prognosis for reversibility after follow‐up. In fact, none of the dystonia patients reversed as opposed to seven of the tardive dyskinesia patients. In order to identify the full spectrum of tardive dystonia and exclude any referral bias, systematic epidemiological studies on psychiatric populations should include young adults of both sexe

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA set of variables from the social environment (e.g. social contacts, confiding relationships, leisure activities, loneliness) was used to differentiate between a consecutive series of 111 patients diagnosed as having a depressive illness and a sample of 98 non‐psychiatric controls. The function derived from the discriminant analysis correctly classified 83 % of the subjects. The results indicate shortcomings in the social environment of depressives and point to the discriminating power of such variable

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dexamethasone suppression test (DST), the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) test and the Newcastle II depression rating (Nil) were compared with the clinical diagnosis and evaluated in 61 patients fulfilling the criteria of an affective disorder according to the DSM‐III classification. A statistically significant correlation between clinical diagnosis and DST as well as Nil, but not between clinical diagnosis and TRH test, was found. There was do correlation between DST and the severity of depression according to the Hamilton depression rating. The nosographic and the diagnostic specificities and sensitivities for the DST, TRH test and Nil and combinations hereof were correlated with the clinical diagnosis. Combining DST and Nil, a nosographic sensitivity of 50 % and a nosographic specificity of 84 % were found. Correspondingly, the diagnostic sensitivity was 43 % and the diagnostic specificity was 88 %. The DST and the TRH test were found of no value in the prediction of the response to antidepressive treatment. Mainly because of a low diagnostic sensitivity the Nil, the DST and the TRH test are of limited value in the diagnosis of depressive disorder

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMidwinter insomnia (M1) is an initial type insomnia that is typically seen north of the Polar Circle during the “dark period”, when the sun docs not rise above the horizon. The cause of MI is not known, but it seems reasonable to assume that it is (he expression of a phase delay of the sleep‐wake cycle, due to lack of the entraining effect of normal daylight. Based on his hypothesis, we have studied the effect of intensive light exposure (2000‐2500 lux for half an hour between 7.30 and 8.30 a.m. for 5 days) on selected sleep and endocrinological variables (the latter will be reported elsewhere) in nine subjects with typical MI and eight healthy controls. After light exposure, the MI subjects had a significantly shortened sleep latency and a nonsignificant increase in total sleep time. Before light exposure, the MI subjects reported significantly less drowsiness in the evening than in the morning, whereas the opposite was true after light exposure. No significant changes were seen in the control group. The results of this study give some support to the delayed phase hyp

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY