摘要:

ABSTRACT–That cannabis use may provoke mental disturbances is well known to Scandinavian psychiatrists today. A review of the psychiatric aspects of cannabis use is given, and the clinical signs of 70 cases of cannabis psychoses collected in Sweden are described. The bluntness and “amotivation” following chronic cannabis use are discussed. Anxiety reactions, flashbacks, dysphoric reactions and an abstinence syndrome are all sequels of cannabis use. Three risk groups begin to emerge: a) Young teenage cannabis users who lose some of their capacity to learn complex functions and who flee from reality to a world of dreams. With its sedative effect, cannabis could modify such emotions as anger and anxiety and slow down the liberation process of adolescence. b) Heavy daily users, often persons who cannot cope with depression or their life circumstances. c) Psychiatric patients whose resistance to relapses into psychotic reactions might be diminished according to the psychtropic effects of can

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Earlier studies of mortality of psychiatric patients are reviewed, and agreements and inconsistencies related to age, sex, diagnosis and cause of death are noted. The authors then analyze 5,268 deaths during a 5‐year period of current or former patients in Missouri public psychiatric hospitals and mental health clinics, calculating mortality ratios that are simultaneously age‐, sex‐, diagnostic‐, and causespecific. The results are used to construct a quantitative model. The ratios vary most with cause, then diagnosis, least with sex. Influenza and pneumonia contribute most to patient mortality; patient death rates for cancer are lower than population rates at all ages. There are substantial interactions of diagnosis with cause and sex. Among those diagnosed organic brain syndrome, who have the highest overall ratios, the ratios are extra high for females and for influenza and pneumonia, relatively low for extern

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–A reliable and valid Parental Bonding Instrument was administered to young women who had attempted suicide. Results indicated low parental care and high overprotection. These results are consistent with theoretical formulations of suicidal behaviour, and taken with other studies help provide a profile of parental characteristics which may be associated with such behaviou

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–We investigated past suicidal behaviour and family history of suicide in 713 inpatients with major depressive illness. A familial history of suicide (mainly violent) significantly increased the frequency of violent suicidal behaviour in depressive women; bipolar patients being more affected than unipolars. In depressed men, the presence of suicidal behaviour was not significantly affected by polarity. The occurrence of familial suicide significantly increased the risk of violent suicidal behaviour in male depressed attempters. The present study indicates that a familial history of violent suicide is associated with the presence of violent suicidal behaviour in major depressive patient

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Bech Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS) and Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) are analyzed according to mean discriminatory power, internal consistency, homogeneity and transferability. The analysis was done separately in different samples of patients with depressive syndromes: a) operationally defined depressive syndrome; b) Major Depressive Disorder (RDC); c) Major Depressive Disorder, endogenous type (RDC). BRMS and MADRS were superior to HAMD in all evaluated aspects. Further, the BRMS was superior to MADRS according to the criteria of homogeneity and transferabili

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02601.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–In recent empirical research on endogenous depression, time estimation has frequently been discussed in the context of chronopathological reflections, without empirical evidence of the postaulated correlations between changes in speed of the “internal clock” and indicators of time estimation. In three single case studies, we looked for potential correlations between rhythmic processes (especially diurnal mood variations) and time estimations by primary depressive patients. Though our studies suggest a correlation between retardation and time estimation in patients with clear changes (trends) in the depressive mood, our results do not support any chronopathological speculations. According to our results, correlations between time estimation and retardation or depressive mood are dependent on distinct trends and not on rhythmic pat

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–In a survey of 190 chronic mentally disabled patients we found a significantly higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in both sexes, especially women, compared with the general population. The apparent causes were overeating, underactivity, ignorance of correct dietary principles and the differential effects of various psychotropic drugs which we were able to measure. Some preventive ideas are suggeste

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–A handedness questionnaire which was given to 1774 schizophrenic inpatients was identical to that employed in our previous study on healthy students. Information was obtained on forced conversion of hand usage in childhood and the occurrence of left‐handedness in their families. Family history of schizophrenia was also investigated. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of left‐handedness or non‐right‐handedness (i.e., left‐handedness and ambidexterity combined) between schizophrenic patients and normal subjects. However, the rate of converted right‐handedness in schizophrenics was higher than that in normal people. The incidence of original non‐right‐handedness (i.e., present non‐right‐handedness and converted right‐handedness combined) in schizophrenics was greater than

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Patients, Danish citizens only, admitted for the first time in 1972 to a Danish psychiatric institution were selected from the national psychiatric register. To be included, the probands had to have been diagnosed as schizophrenics at least once in the period from their first admission to 1 September 1983. The study comprised 370 males and 217 females with a total of 5,298 admissions. The probands’ diagnostic pattern during the above period was investigated. More males (51.9%) than females (39.2%) (P<0.01) were diagnosed as schizophrenics during their first admission. The average period from a patient's first contact with an in‐patient institution until schizophrenia was diagnosed for the first time was 2.2 years for females and 1.7 years for males (P<0.05). Personality disorders, reactive psychoses, and not classifiable psychoses were the most frequent diagnoses prior to the first schizophrenia diagnosis. The diagnostic stability of schizophrenia as main diagnosis, after its first application, was 73.6% for males among a total of 2,539 admissions and 71.2% for females among 1,141 admissions. There was greater correlation between the latest and former diagnoses than between the first and subsequent diagnoses. This is valid both when distinguishing between schizophrenia and not‐schizophrenia and when focusing on schizophrenia subtypes. The results are discussed, particularly the problem concerning the selection of representative cohorts for schizophrenia research p

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Nonsuppression on the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in schizophrenics has been reported by three independent groups. To elucidate the significance of this finding a schizophrenic cohort was tested on a wide range of parameters: computed tomography (CT), electroencephalography (EEG), the Halstead‐Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRB), platelet monoamine oxidase activity (MAO), serum dopamine‐B‐hydroxylase levels (DBH), premorbid personality adjustment, response to medication and family history of mental illness. Our results indicate that DST nonsuppressing and DST suppressing schizophrenics are no different on any of these measures, lending support to the notion that DST nonsuppression in schizophrenics is a random and changin

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY