摘要:

A study of 1,506 deaths reported over a period of 2 years to the National Psychiatric Case Register of the Netherlands, on the total cohort of 17,211 long‐stay patients counted on prevalence day (31 December 1969), showed very much higher death‐rates than in the general population. Malignancy and cardiac disease were not so common, while respiratory disease was still common in inpatie

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06904.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Electrodermal activity and heart‐rate were recorded in the laboratory from partially remitted schizophrenic patients living in the community, chronic schizophrenic inpatients and normal controls. Although all patients had faster heart‐rates, no consistent electrodermal differences between patient groups and normals were evident, nor was there a bimodal distribution of responding within the patient group.Laboratory recordings did not reflect differences in community patients tested in their homes and associated with environmental and social factors. This emphasized the limitations of laboratory testing in investigating a disorder such as schizophrenia whose course may be markedly influenced by environmental and social fact

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06905.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Determination of ABO blood types was carried out in 38 patients with obsessive‐compulsive neurosis, 48 schizophrenics with anancastic symptomatology, 31 depressives with anancastic symptomatology, 260 schizophrenics free of anancastic symptomatology and 65 depressives free of anancastic symptomatology. Results were compared with a representative sample of the general population.The findings of the present study provide evidence of an association between obsessive‐compulsive neurosis and phenotype A, whilst a similar association between ABO blood types and anancastic symptomatology occurring in the course of psychotic disorders was not found. The significance of these findings is discussed with regard to current diagnostic and aetiological issues in obsessive‐compulsive neu

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06906.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Flunitrazepam in 2‐mg and 4‐mg doses was compared with flurazepam 30 mg and nitrazepam 10 mg for hypnotic efficacy in a double‐blind, multiple cross‐over trial involving 41 psychiatric in‐patients. In the vast majority of comparisons involving a number of sleep parameters differences did not reach significance level. Flunitrazepam 4 mg tended to produce the shortest latency time and the longest duration of sleep but also the most side‐effects. Nitrazepam 10 mg appeared to have a slight advantage over the other drugs in terms of patient preference. For severe sleep disturbance flunitrazepam 2 mg tended to be the most satisfactory drug in terms of efficacy and paucity of s

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06907.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article discusses the results of recent neuroendocrinological research in depressions. The abnormalities found in a given category of vital depressive patients ‐ cortisol hypersecretion, decreased growth hormone response to insulin hypoglycaemia and decreased luteinizing hormone secretion in menopause ‐ are believed to be due to deficient noradrenalin‐(NA)‐ergic activity in the hypothalamus. Thus explained, they support the so‐called MA (monoamine) hypothesis, which postulates that a functional NA deficiency in the brain plays a role in the pathogenesis of certain types of vital depression.Disorders in certain central MA‐ergic systems are predictive of disorders in the hormone secretion of the anterior pituitary. Inversely, disorders in the hormone secretion of the anterior pituitary can be indicative of disorders in the MA‐ergic transmission in the hypothalamus. Consequently we can expect a convergence of transmitter research and neuroendocrinological research ‐ two lines of research which have so far been largely separated in studies of hu

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06908.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The results from this controlled study of 12 schizophrenics refractory to ordinary doses of neuroleptics indicate that treatment with fluphenazine enanthate in higher doses than normal (10–20 times higher) might give reduction in psychopathology beyond what can be obtained with normal doses. In four patients the symptom reduction on high doses was pronounced. Moreover, we found that the high fluphenazine plasma levels demonstrated did not increase extrapyramidal and general side effects. The results presented also speak in favour of certain “non‐responding” patients needing a higher plasma level of a neuroleptic drug than the average

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06909.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Emil Kraepelin'spaper on false memories (Erinnerungsfälschungen) was probably the most extensive and incisive analysis of these phenomena ever made. Using his views as a starting point, the concept of confabulation is then defined in a Kraepelin‐oriented manner, making it also applicable to the phantastic false memories found in some rarer forms of functional psychotic illness.Kraepelin and Leonhardhave been preeminent in their concern with such clinical states; thus,Leonhard'sconfabulatory euphoria and confabulatory paraphrenia can be symptomatically and syndromally linked up with points of view on paranoid mania and confabulatory paraphrenia held byKraepelin. An “ideally typical” case is also presented to highlight some of the difficulties involved in trying to distinguish mania from schizophrenia when the clinical picture is dominated by phantastic “functional” conf

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06910.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The clinical effect of a sustained release preparation of amitriptyline has been compared with that of conventional amitriptyline tablets in a double‐blind cross‐over study with 24 patients suffering from endogenous depression. The sustained release preparation was given in a single evening dose (9 p.m.) of two thirds the total daily dose of conventional tablets, which was given in a three times‐a‐day regimen (8 a.m., 12 a.m. and 9 p.m.). Serum concentrations of amitriptyline and its active metabolite, nortriptyline, were determined.No difference was found between the two preparations as regards either clinical effect or side effects. No correlation could be shown between the clinical effects and the serum concentrations of amitriptyline and nortri

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06911.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty chronic schizophrenics were randomly assigned to a 16‐week treatment either with fluspirilene or with fluphenazine decanoate. The aim of the study was to compare the antipsychotic action and the side effects of the two neuroleptics. Fluphenazine decanoate caused more side effects and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant in the items tremor, severe extrapyramidal effects and parkinsonism. More patients in the fluspirilene group (nine patients) compared with only three in the fluphenazine decanoate group remained free of side effects during the whole trial. Judged from the BPRS fluspirilene proved an equally potent neuroleptic with fluphenazine decanoate although statistically significant improvement has been obtained in more items of the scale in the fluspirilene group. The improvement in the NOSIE‐30 was much more clear in the fluspirilene group. Although Clinical Global Impressions of the investigators and the nursing personnel favored fluspirilene, the differences between the two groups were not statistically signific

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06912.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The postulated distrubance of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in manic‐depressive illness was investigated by using plasma as the biological material. Cyclic AMP was measured by a protein‐binding assay, which was found very satisfactory for the purpose of this study.In the drug‐free state, depressed patients (n=28) had significantly lower and manic patients (n=9) significantly higher plasma concentrations of cAMP than controls. Unmedicated manic‐depressive subjects had normal cAMP levels during normothymic phases (n=7). Cyclic AMP was reduced by neuroleptics in mania and elevated by tricyclics in depression. Lithium exerted a normalizing effect on cAMP in both phases of the illness.It is concluded that manic‐depressive illness is associated with a disturbance in the cAMP system. The use of plasma rather than urine for the investigation of the state of cAMP in psychiatric disorders is

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06913.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY