摘要:

Psychophysiological studies in schizophrenics have generally resulted in contradictory and inconclusive reports. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a better psychophysiological separation of schizophrenic and control subjects could be accomplished by selecting them on the basis of a biological marker: the high plexus visualization score (PVS).Finger blood flow, skin temperature and electrodermal recovery rates were studied in 64 male schizophrenics (33 high PVS and 31 low PVS) and 24 male controls (10 high PVS and 14 low PVS) matched for age. All control subjects and 30 of the schizophrenics (16 high PVS and 14 low PVS) had been drug‐free for at least 1 month. They were studied in a sound attenuated, temperature controlled room under 12 experimental conditions. The results demonstrate that, as predicted, schizophrenics with high PVS have the lowest finger blood flow rates, the lowest skin temperatures and the slowest GSR recovery rates of all groups studied. The largest difference in all three variables was found between high PVS schizophrenics and high PVS controls.The blood flow rates and the skin temperature were higher and the electrodermal responses were fewer in patients taking medications than in those receiving placebos. A suggestion of a bimodal distribution into “responders” and “non‐responders” was apparent only in patients receiving

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An analysis of those to be cared for and those destined to provide the care is necessary, in order to develop an effective system of mental health care. Such an analysis is given here for a rural‐small‐town region of Upper Bavaria with 424,000 residents. The treated incidence and prevalence are presented according to sex, age and diagnosis. The morbidity rates for patients from communities of various sizes and distances from the institution of treatment are discussed as an example of ecological analysis. The future planning for the research area should be based on varied community‐centred possibilities for psychiatric

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The hemodialysis program was carried out in four male chronic schizophrenic patients hospitalized 3‐12 months in the Psychiatric Clinic, Medical University, Wroclaw. The diagnosis was made independently by three psychiatrists. The disease lasted 5 to 26 years. The clinical assessment of mental and physical state followed each dialysis. The BPRS, CGI and Wing's Ward Behavior Scale were filled. Eleven to 20 dialyses were conducted once a week (two patients) or twice weekly (two patients). Neuroleptics were withdrawn. A short period of slight, unspecific improvement was followed by a deterioration in all cases, which made it necessary to put the patients back on neuroleptics. At the end of the dialysis program none of the patients improved. Further research on the efficacy of dialysis in chronic schizophrenia should be made before the final assessment of its valu

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00871.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

After a review of publications concerning the use of television in psychiatry a new method of audiovisual evaluation of psychotropic drugs is demonstrated: SAPE (Standardized Audiovisual Psychiatric Evaluation). The procedure requires a pre‐treatment and post‐treatment videotaped interview with each patient (15 min). These interviews are later rated and scored by 10 to 20 or more raters (using a Symptom Check List). Data are evaluated by a fully automated computer program in four steps. The main advantages of the method are: 1) Uniform homogeneous information available to all participating raters. 2) Reduced number of patients and shorter duration of trial. 3) Participation of as many raters as desired. 4) Better comparability and standardization than with usual methods. 5) Inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability tests for every study possible. 6) Stabilized baseline values for each symptom. 7) Homogeneity of raters’assessments resulting from the increased number of raters participating. 8) Improved basis and conditions for the use of parametric statistical evaluation techniques. 9) Homogeneity of the rater evaluation for each subsequent control. 10) A statistical assessment of the homogeneity of a study as a whole is possible. 11) Double‐blind method only for treating doctor (not video‐rating), the nurses and patients but not for the television interviewer and raters (if contact with ward and patient

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00872.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and simulated ECT (SECT)‐induced prolactin response has been studied in 14 schizophrenic males. Cortisol, growth hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) changes have been measured simultaneously. The prolactin rise was significantly higher after ECT than after SECT. Cortisol increase after ECT did not exceed significantly the elevation after SECT. Changes in growth hormone and TSH concentrations were inconsistent and non‐significant. On the basis of the results it may be assumed that ECT‐induced prolactin response is a consequence of specific transmitter changes in the CNS and not a result of stress reaction or generalized neuronal discharge. ECT‐induced prolactin response was negligible in two cases. Both patients were chronically hospitalized schizophrenics resistant to therapy. Whether the prolactin response or its absence is of predictive value with respect to prognosis or effect of ECT remains to

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A nation‐wide census of Danish psychiatric out‐patient clinics has been undertaken with a two‐fold purpose, firstly to categorize psychiatric out‐patients, secondly to compare them with psychiatric in‐ and day‐patients.On January 1st, 1977, Denmark had a population of 5,079,879, of which 3,947,383 were 15 years or older. On census day, a total of 3,161 patients, 1,366 males and 1,795 females corresponding to 0.89 males and 0.80 females respectively per 1,000 were in outpatient treatment. On April lst, 1976, 10,335 patients, 4,378 males and 5,947 females, corresponding to 2.26 males and 2.95 females respectively per 1,000 were psychiatric in‐patients and 1,624 patients, 874 males and 750 females corresponding to 0.43 males and 0.37 females, respectively per 1,OOO were psychiatric day‐patients.The overall prevalence rate increased with increasing age in both sexes. Peak prevalence in out‐patients was between 25‐44 years in males and 45‐64 years in females. In males, schizophrenia was the prevailing diagnosis in all three therapeutic groups, accounting for 38.1%. In females no single diagnostic group was prevailing in all types of treatment, but in the total group schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis, amounting to 37.7%. Analysis of contact pattern showed that 74.4% of the patients were former in‐patients. Only 8% were referred from t

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty‐seven schizophrenic out‐patients, who were satisfactorily maintained on a depot injection of fluphenazine decanoate, and who received the injection every 28 days, were progressively withdrawn from medication by increasing the time interval between injections while maintaining the amount of drug per injection. The rate of reduction varied with each patient depending on various factors such as environmental stress considerations, and the patient's wishes. Finally three injections at 8‐weekly intervals were given before complete withdrawal. The follow‐up period was 23.7 months with a standard deviation of 1.9. A relapse rate of 80% was found, 25 patients relapsing during the withdrawal phase and 22 patients after the drug had been completely wi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY