摘要:

ABSTRACTTherapeutic relationship has been considered an important ingredient of all psychotherapies. In communities in which no familiar conventions of such a relationship are available, the therapeutic encounter poses very different problems from those in the West, where such conventions freely prevail. This study has been carried out by five therapists representing three widely disparate cultures, but all working together in Tanzania. It brings together their perceptions of these problems and the strategies they employed to resolve them while working with African patients. In their view, in spite of great disparity between the world view behind Western psychotherapy and that of African communities, it is not impossible to forge a therapeutic relationship if empathic understanding and cultural sensitivity are added to the attitude of acceptance. After all, the therapist must attract and keep the patient before he can expect anything from him. The authors describe how this can be done with African patients.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02547.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMother‐infant interaction during feeding and in an unstructured play situation was studied in the home at 3.5 and 6 months of age in index mother‐infant pairs in which the mother had a history of nonorganic psychosis (n= 48 and 52 at 3.5 and 6 months, respectively) and in demo‐graphically similar control pairs (n‐ 80 and 79). Interaction was significantly more negative in index than control cases at both ages, index cases showing decreased maternal and infant social contact and reduced maternal sensitivity to the infant's needs. Schizophrenic and Cycloid groups evidenced more negative interaction characteristics than did their matched controls, while the Affective group was not generally more negative than its c

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02548.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRespondents who were in hiding or in the armed resistance movement in Nazi occupied Europe are assumed to have had avoidant and confronting coping styles, respectively. Responses to questionnaire items tapping behavior, attitudes and perceptions were examined in the two groups for the persistence of these same traits 33 years after World War II, in a study of randomly selected community sample of Jews. Taken as a whole, but not individually, responses to the questionnaire items suggested that the traits did persist (P<0.001). The results highlight the importance of distinguishing individual differences in coping style when studying the long‐term effects of prolonged, stressful experience

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02549.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDeliberate non‐fatal self‐poisoning due to medicinal agents more than doubled in England and Wales during the period 1968–78. Interregional analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the rate at which psychotropic drugs were prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) and the medicinal self‐poisoning rate. Regression analysts indicated that a reduction of 1000 psychotropic prescriptions would be associated with 3.8 fewer self‐poisoning admissions due to medicinal agents. Causal and non‐causal links between the psychotropic prescription rate and the medicinal self‐poisoning rate were both considered, but the balance of the evidence seems to favour the causal interpretation. Overall, it is suggested that ihe benefits of such reduced prescribing outweigh the costs. A significant relationship was not found between unemployment and medicinal s

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02550.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOn analysing death registers of Finnish seafarers, 117 cases of suicide were found among active professional males in the years 1965–77. The suicide rate of the officers was similar to that of occupationally active males in the general population, while the suicide rate of the crew was 2 1/2 times higher (P<0.05). Many of the men who committed suicide had been at sea 5 to 10 years. Before their death they frequently changed ship

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTForty consecutively admitted suicide attempt patients, their 70 significant others, and the intensive care unit's personnel were interviewed about their feelings and reactions during the patients' stay on the intensive care unit. The patients belonged to three diagnostic groups. The most prominent feelings and reactions were shame and resistance towards the personnel in the neurosis group, anger and uneasiness in the abuse group, and indifference and apathy in the p re psychosis/psychosis group. The personnel did not observe the patients' underlying feelings and primarily responded to the patients' observable behaviour with different types of reactions, ranging from empathy to distancing and aggression. The latter reactions were due, in part, to the difficulties in dialogue between the patients and the personnel which aroused fear and anxiety in the personnel. The personnel's difficulties in communication with the patients, and the resulting problems are discussed. Significant others did not receive any support, in spite of their need for psychological help.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSuicidal behaviour in western Ethiopia as seen in a general hospital is reported on. The suicide rate is at least 3–11 per 100,000 inhabitants per year (mean 4.5) which is higher than is usually reported from Africa. As many women as men seem to commit suicide and the incidence is highest in the age group 19–24 years and lowest in the oldest group. The incidence seems to be higher in urban areas. Hanging is the most frequent method used by both se

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present study describes 316 consecutive cases of deliberately inflicted injuries attending a general hospital in western Ethiopia. One third of the cases concerned economic conflicts about land, cattle, etc., one third interpersonal conflicts in the family, between neighbours, etc., and one third were alcoholically intoxicated people who had been in a fight for no apparent reason. The incidence of homicide was estimated to be at least 5–12 per 100,000 inhabitants per year, which is somewhat high. The role of psychiatric disorders seems to be very limited. The most serious conflicts occurred in rural areas and were economic in nature. As this investigation was made during the imperial, feudal period, it allows a comparison to be made with the new conditions after the revolutionary changes in the economic syste

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwelve patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for a history of bipolar affective disorder gave informed consent for open discontinuation of lithium therapy for 3 weeks. There was no significant change after lithium discontinuation in the number of depressive or manic symptoms, in mood score, in total Zung Depression score, or in any of the 20 items found in the Zung Depression scale. There were significant reductions in total severity of side effects, and improvement in the three side effects reflecting renal function: polydipsia, polyuria, and nocturia. These changes were reflected in the significant increase in urine specific gravity, Significant changes in side effects did not take place until at least 2 weeks after lithium was discontinued. Other significant relationships were found between increases in serum thyroid hormone levels and in urine specific gravity, and decreases in Vmax, of platelet serotonin uptake and increases in degree of clonidine‐induced hypotensio

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to determine the incidence of hospital care with the diagnosis rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among patients with schizophrenia, affective psychosis and neurosis compared with that among hospitalized patients in general. By means of the in‐patient register of Stockholm County, a cohort was formed comprising all patients discharged with the diagnoses schizophrenia, affective psychosis and neurosis in Stockholm County during 1971, and a sample of all patients discharged for any diagnosis during the same year. We followed the groups in the in‐patient register through 1981 in order to identify hospital episodes with the diagnosis RA, Observed and expected incidences of RA in hospital care were obtained using all hospitalized patients as a reference group. For schizophrenia and affective psychosis the incidence of RA was around half the expected, whereas for neurosis it was close lo the expected incidence. With reservation for small numbers of observed cases, the results support the hypothesis of a reduced incidence of RA among patients with schizophrenia. The finding regarding affective psychosis was based on a smaller number of cases and merits further investigati

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY