摘要:

This article deals with the reason why little research has been conducted into the area of timidity or shyness in children, and the effect this has on their socialisation and learning.The study attempts to define and treat the problem of timidity by: reducing anxiety both general and specific; developing greater assertiveness in the child's behaviour; promoting the ability to communicate effectively with other people; discovering and treating the areas which are creating feelings of inadequacy by reducing or eliminating them; investigating parental background and trying to influence this, and attempting to decrease over‐sensitivity.A control group of 11 and an experimental group of 11 are studied and treated after random sampling. The duration of study is 7 months. They are treated for 6 months and followed up by reassessment of both groups 2 weeks after the 6‐month period. The sample is assessed by the MPI (Maudsley Personality Inventory) and a rating scale. Among the implosive approaches used is the forcing of the individual to react by promoting an emotion such as anger, or even verbal or physical attack, to develop communication of some kind. Individuals are therefore forced to participate in activities such as swimming and games, experience loud noises in music, are involved in drama therapy and encouraged to mix with members of the opposite sex. Additionally, behaviour therapy is used including the shaping of increasingly assertive responses. Timidity is modified statistically by showing an improved reading ability and through the measurement of extroversion on the MPI. No such change is reported in the control group. Changes in reading, spelling and maths are also in the expected desired direct

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Concentrations of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) were determined in urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by mass fragmentography. A pronounced day‐to‐day variation in the urinary excretion of 5‐HIAA was found both in psychiatric patients and a healthy control. Lumbar punctures performed twice 3–12 weeks apart in 11 healthy controls resulted in reproducible levels of 5‐HIAA in CSF (r= 0.89;P<0.001). The mean of three periods of daily 5‐HIAA excretion was not correlated to the CSF level measured in 18 psychiatric patients (r=–0.09). Three weeks of chlorimipramine treatment significantly decreased CSF 5‐HIAA levels (P<0.05), but not the urinary excretion of 5‐HIAA. It might be concluded that measurement of urinary 5‐HIAA excretion is of little value compared to CSF levels in studies of serotonin in the

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a double‐blind multicentre trial in general practice, 144 patients with primary anxiety received daily treatment with mianserin or chlordiazepoxide, 30‐60 mg, or placebo. There were no statistically significant differences in efficacy between the three treatments in the 106 patients who completed the 6‐week trial. However, there was a substantial trend in favour of mianserin (P= 0.1), but not chlordiazepoxide, over placebo as assessed by the difference in overall improvement on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. This trend may be clinically significant since more patients dropped out from the placebo group because of lack of effect or deterioration than did from the active treatment groups, particularly during the latter part of the trial.Side effects occurred to a similarly low extent with all treatments, except that mianserin caused more weight gain and, initially, more drowsiness than placebo, while placebo produced more nausea and vomiting. Taken together with the evidence from previous trials in patients with anxiety, these results support the notion that mianserin has anxiolytic prope

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighty‘psychotic’Kenyan patients of African origin were screened using the New Haven Schizophrenic Index (NHSI). Fifty‐one of these (64 %) were found positive. Delusions were found to be significantly more common (P<0.001) in the NHSI positive group than in the negative group. Sex and age had no effect on the distribution of delusions in general but level of education did. These findings are compared and contrasted with findings of similar investigations and some of their implications are disc

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

109 killers, 38 nonviolent offenders and 54 community controls were compared on psychiatric diagnosis, the MMPI, Cattell 16 PF, IQ and clinical neurological results. Killers did not differ from nonviolent offenders on diagnosis or personality in general. Only higher MMPI Hysteria scale scores differentiated the killers from the other groups. IQ tended to be lower and neurological findings more often positive in homicide cases than in controls. Results suggest that previous uncontrolled research on homicide has been misleading.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The use of alcohol and drugs at the time of offence, suicide attempts and situational strains were compared in 109 killers and 38 nonviolent offenders seen for psychiatric assessment. More killers than nonviolent offenders used alcohol and drugs at the time of their offence but there was no difference in previous attempts at suicide nor in situational strains. Killers, however, did have more recent frustrations than the other group. Results suggest that the use of intoxicants in violence‐prone individuals is the most important factor in homicid

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In eight bipolar depressives, 11 unipolar depressives, and 15 healthy controls urinary excretion of MHPG was measured at 3‐h intervals over one 24‐h period. Bipolars excreted smaller amounts of MHPG than unipolars and controls, especially at night. MHPG excretion was significantly dependent on time of day in the control group only. In the patients maximum excretion showed a tendency to occur earlier in the day than in controls. Minima were unaffected. There were indications that tricyclic antidepressants advance MHPG pha

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Age‐specific suicide rates are presented, based on 207 white patients of the Missouri Department of Mental Health who were identified as having committed suicide during 1972–74. Results, divided by age, sex, diagnosis and patient status, are compared with other studies. Male inpatients are about five times more likely to commit suicide compared to the general population, while female inpatients are about 10 times more likely to do so. In both sexes, the rate is greatest for the diagnosis of major affective disorder. A history of psychiatric treatment increases the suicide risk more for women than for men, although male patients are still about twice as likely to commit suicide than are female patients. A quantitative model is presented which describes the relative influence of age, sex and diagnosis on suicide ra

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00933.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Barker, P.:Basic family psychiatry. Granada Publishing, St. Albans 1981. 214 pp.Wilmotte, J.,&J. Mendlewicz(eds.): New trends in suicide prevention. Bibliotheca Psychiatrica, No. 162. Karger, Basel, New York 1982. 102 pp.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00934.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00935.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY