ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00851.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Prophylactic lithium was abruptly discontinued (under double‐blind conditions and using placebo) in 18 manic‐depressive patients for 15 days. Following lithium withdrawal tremor of hands, polyuria, general muscular weakness, polydipsia and dryness of mouth were significantly reduced. No withdrawal symptoms were noted. Three patients relapsed within 4 days of lithium discontinuation. The questions arising from these findings are discussed and the possibility of a rebound phenomenon produced by lithium is conside

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A proportion of psychiatric patients still remain in hospital for more than a year who would not be acceptable in community accommodation because of their severe handicaps. This group has been called the‘new' long‐stay. Studies have suggested that this group could be accommodated in high dependency hostels set up in association with a hospital. The first of these hostels was set up at the Maudsley Hospital in 1977. The study reported here was designed to test its effectiveness in the first 4 years of its operation. It was found that this type of accommodation was suitable for a substantial proportion of the‘new’long‐stay and that it contributed to the alleviation of some of their problem behaviours. It is suggested that further hostels should be set up so that comparisons with other models ca

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Gothenburg studies using clinical and electroencephalographic techniques have been undertaken continuously since 1958 on a large number of individuals of all ages. All individuals studied were without impairment to the central nervous system, according to a number of well‐defined clinical criteria, and were termed normal. The term “normal” is used primarily because it is short. As part of the continued investigation, information has been gathered from social bureaus in Gothenburg and from federal registers. It was observed that youths and children who were found guilty of theft showed EEG abnormalities of some kind (in the EEGs taken several years earlier) statistically significantly more often than other youths and children belonging to our normal material. Among the characteristics discovered by EEG can be noted paroxysmal activity during sleep, slow alpha activity and spectral‐analytical measurements corresponding to lower EEG ages than the individuals' actu

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00854.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The main aim of this study was to test the effect of the triazolo‐benzodiazepine, estazolam, on auditory hallucinations. Fifty‐eight patients (28 male, 30 female) with auditory hallucinosis that had responded poorly to neuroleptics alone, were included; most patients were chronic schizophrenics, and most patients were maintained on previous neuroleptic treatment during the trial. Each patient was treated for three consecutive 3‐week periods, and randomly allocated to receive estazolam (1 + 1 + 4 mg) either in the first and third, or in the second period. Similar‐looking placebo tablets were given in the control periods. There were seven dropouts, three of them due to somnolence on estazolam.In both treatment groups there was a significant (but not significantly different) improvement during the first 3‐week period, with regard to both global clinical state and auditory hallucinations. During the second and third periods, however, the two groups differed significantly, in that improvement of global state and hallucinosis was seen on estazolam, and deterioration on placebo. It is concluded that estazolam (as an addition to neuroleptics) had a significantly better effect than placebo on the global clinical state, on the frequency of, and attitude towards the hallucinations, and also on the single symptoms “Compulsive thoughts” and “Visual hallucinations” (items in the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale). There were few side effects except drowsiness.Possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between benzodiazepines and neuroleptics are

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The psychosocial characteristics of 126 consecutive first‐ever referrals over a 30‐day period to a psychiatric hospital in Nigeria are analysed. There was a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. The largest age group was of those aged 20–29 who constituted about 37.3 % of the total sample. The great majority were aged below 50 years. There were more married females (14.3 %) than single ones (11.9 %); while more men (34.1 %) were single than married (19.1 %). The majority (76.2 %) had received varying degrees of formal education in a country where there is a literacy rate of only about 20 %. About 50 % were unemployed at the time of referral while the majority of those employed were either farm workers or small tradesmen and artisans. The largest diagnostic category was schizophrenia, followed by the affective psychoses. Paranoid and catatonic schizophrenias were diagnosed more commonly than the other types of schizophrenia. Neurotic disorders were the third commonest group. An unclassified group consisting of those presenting with states of acute excitement was also delineated. There was a predominance of persons from the rural areas. Generally, violence, disruptive and abnormal behaviour were the main reasons for referral to hospital. The results obtained are compared with the results of studies from various other workers, while some of the problems hindering systematic field studies in psychiatric epidemiology in Africa are mentioned, as well as certain socio‐cultural characteristics of the target population (of this study) which might be affecting the course of mental disorder occurring in its

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00856.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Electroconvulsions have been reported to induce rapid elevations of serum prolactin (PRL) levels. To further evaluate factors involved in the hormonal release an extended study was performed. Blood samples for determination of PRL were withdrawn from depressed patients 5 min before and 15 min after administration of electroconvulsions. Significant elevations of PRL levels were found in 35 of 37 patients. Increase in PRL levels was significantly correlated to duration of seizures but not to duration of the electric stimulation. The hormonal response to electroconvulsions was diminished with age. Patients on lithium medication had significantly more pronounced rises of PRL levels than patients treated with other psychotropic drugs and otherwise untreated patients. The results indicate that the elevation in PRL levels is a biochemical marker of the seizure activity during electroconvulsive therapy.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00857.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A schizophrenic patient was repeatedly treated with intravenous naloxone 0.4 mg or saline in a double‐blind design. The Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale was used to quantify the symptoms before and after each injection. Naloxone significantly reduced the symptoms temporarily, whereas saline was without effec

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00858.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum immunoglobulin levels and C3and C4complement concentrations were assayed and serum tested for the presence of auto‐antibodies in 17 patients with pre‐senile Alzheimer's disease. The majority of patients showed a reduced level of one or more of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA or IgM. No significant abnormality was found to indicate an autoimmune disor

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00859.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00861.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY