摘要:

ABSTRACT—Morning (0800) plasma and. serum and mean diurnal (24‐h) serum calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were investigated in 56 depressed patients, 32 with acute major depression, 26 of these restudied in remission, 24 patients with longstanding depression, mainly treated with lithium, and in 27 healthy controls. All subjects were rated with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Significant differences between the groups were found for 0800 and 24‐h serum Ca and Mg, 0800 plasma Mg, but not for 0800 plasma Ca. Elevations of serum Ca and Mg, plasma Mg but not plasma Ca were noted in the lithium‐treated patients. Sex differences for plasma but not serum levels were seen in remission and in the controls. Depressive symptoms were negatively correlated to 0800 plasma Ca in the acute state and positively to 0800 and 24‐h serum Ca and Mg in remission and longstanding depression. This difference between plasma and serum in relation to symptoms could reflect a change in a calcium binding factor present in plasma but not in serum, connected with biological factors of affectiv

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A total of 117 manic‐depressives who had been on lithium for a mean duration of 4.7 years were examined before lithium therapy and subsequently at intervals. Information relating to pre‐lithium height and weight and current weight were determined and used to calculate the body mass index (BM1) for each individual. Other relevant variables such as age, sex, cumulative lithium dose, duration of therapy, thyroid profile and serum lithium levels were recorded. The results indicated that, although there was a nonsignificant increase in BMI for the whole population, lithium and sex were not significant predictors of any increase in BMI. In nearly 27% of patients BMI actually slightly decreased during lithium therapy. The overall conclusions from this study are that, in the population studied, lithium may not have exerted any pharmacological effects to increas

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Twenty‐five depressed inpatients were asked to report their adjustment at work during the 4‐month period preceding their hospitalization. Two separate reports were given: the first during the acute illness phase and the second one 10–28 days later, after symptomatic remission following standardized pharmacotherapy. Thirty‐two percent more patient ratings showed absence of adjustment problems on the second report compared with the first. Significant differences between the 2 reports were found in 7 of the 9 items on the Structured and Scaled Interview to Assess Maladjustment, which is designed to assess specific aspects of maladjustment at work. The changes in the scores of maladjustment correlated with the changes in the scores of depressive symptoms, and 40% of the variation in maladjustment scores was accounted for by the pessimism item of the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Much of the poor work adjustment reported by the acutely depressed patients thus seems to be caused by symptom‐related su

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was administered to 28 subjects who met DSM‐III criteria for chronic schizophrenia and shared similar environments. Samples were assayed for both plasma cortisol and dexamethasone levels. After controlling for other factors, the mean postdexamethasone cortisol level (MPDC) was correlated with the patients’ score on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). A significant relationship emerged between these 2 parameters, suggesting that the social deterioration seen in chronic schizophrenia is at least partly related to a biological disease process as reflected by the DST. The importance of quantifying the level of dexamethasone in the DST is disc

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A perceptgenetic, projective test procedure, the metacontrast technique, was performed in a series of 66 young schizophrenics at admission in a psychiatric institution. The test responses to tachistoscopic expositions of stimulus pairs with incongruent or threatening contents are classified in terms of defense strategies representative of neurotic and psychotic states. The sample tested was followed up clinically after 14–17 years. At inception the series of subjects was dichotomized into one nonregressive (latent, pseudoneurotic,n= 42) group and one regressive, with full‐blown psychotic symptoms (n= 24). The distribution of response types did not differentiate between the groups; neurotic and psychotic patterns were represented in both. At follow‐up, the initial presence of signs of repression was significantly more common in such initially nonregressive patients as had escaped a later psychotic breakdown. A compound expression of test signs, hypothesized to be a predictor of future development, was shown to differentiate also between categories of outcome in terms of clinical picture and working c

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Identification of uomen at risk for problems in postpartum adaptatin could allow interventions that might prevent difficulties. Eighty‐five women were followed from the second trimester of pregnancy to 12 months postpartum. One year postnatally, 27 women were found to have low global severity index scores on the Symptom Check List (SCL‐90) (≤ 0.16), while 17 women had high global severity index scores (≥ 0.46). The high scoring group were also significantly more dissatisfied with their marriages and their partners. The high scorers also had significantly higher global severity index scores and lower intimacy with spouse scores when measured at 12–16 weeks gestation. The SCL‐90 and the Miller Social Intimacy Scale, when used in the second trimester of pregnancy, appear to predict the women who may have adjustment problems in the post

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Cerebral computed tomography (CT) was performed before and after right‐sided electroconvutsive therapy (ECT) in 40 patients aged 26–87 years with major affective disorders. Nine patients with a concomitant definite or possible non‐acute organic brain disorder were included. Several patients had long seizure durations, maximum 6.5 min, caused by hyperventilation‐induced hypocapnia. Twenty‐nine patients received at least 16 treatments (maximum 46). No CT changes occurred following ECT. A questionable dilatation of the left temporal horn in a 69‐year‐old hypertensive man who recovered completely without side effects after 3 ECT sessions was probably unrelated to the ECT. Provided sufficient oxygenation, even relatively long ECT series and seizures lasting several minutes do not cause any brain damag

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—In a study of 100 inpatients suffering from depressive symptoms, the influence of cognitive characteristics (negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes) and of the severity of depression on the emotional reflections of social relationships were investigated at admission, discharge and 3 months follow‐up. The reflections of strained relation and rejection in the family or partnership were significantly determined by negative cognitive patterns and severity of depression. The prognostic aspects of the assessed psychological characteristics and the psycho‐therapeutic implications of the results are disc

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Two regimens of lithium prophylaxis with different pharmacokinetic characteristics were compared under double‐blind conditions in 25 bipolar patients in remission already stabilized on lithium, to determine the relative effects of each regimen on renal function. Once‐daily lithium carbonate (Priadal), which gives a peak lithium plasma level 2–3 h post‐administration with a low level 24 h later, was compared with twice‐daily lithium citrate (Litarex), which maintains a steadier 24 h plasma level. Patients were allocated randomly to one of the 2 regimens. They were seen monthly for clinical ratings over the course of 12 months. A comprehensive battery of renal function tests was undertaken at the start of the trial, between 6–9 months after the start and again after 1 year. No significant differences were observed in clinical outcome, side effects or renal function between t

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Some researchers have found that the administration of 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP) results in increased cortisol secretion in major depressives but not in healthy controls. Other authors observed gender‐related differences in cortisol responses to 5‐HTP in major depressives. In order to investigate the pituitary/adrenal responsivity to 5‐HTP, the authors measured cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and prolactin (PRL) in 30 healthy controls and in 90 depressed patients; the hormone levels were determined in baseline conditions and 60, 90 and 120 min after 125 ma L‐5‐HTP (orally, non‐enteric coated). We found [hat healthy men had significantly higher cortisol responses to L‐5‐HTP than healthy women. In the major depressives with melancholia and/or psychotic features these differences were reversed: women exhibited significantly higher cortisol and PRL responses than men. In the female group the most severely depressed patients had increased cortisol and PRL responses to L‐5‐HTP. The amplitudes of the cortisol, ACTH and PRL responses to L‐5‐HTP were significantly and positively correlated. It was concluded that the central serotonergic regulation of ACTH and PRL is significantly different between the sexes and between healthy controls, minor depressives an

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY