ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and lethal catatonia are potentially lifethreatening diseases with similar clinical features, including fever, akinesia and rigidity. Differential diagnosis is difficult but possible by exact clinical observation and a detailed history of the 2 weeks prior to the onset of illness.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been suggested that serum creatine kinase levels might be useful in the investigation of dementia. In this study serum creatine kinase BB (CKBB) isoenzyme levels were investigated in a community population of elderly women aged 70 to 80 years. Normative data for this group were compared with the findings in younger age groups. No relationship was found between levels of CKBB and level of dementia, or with the specific clinical diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, although a weakly positive relationship was found between CKBB and 3 cognitive scales.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Changes in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured serially during postural changes and isometric hand grip exercise test (IHT) in 30 patients with panic disorder and 30 normal controls. Though there were no significant differences in the delta increase of HR or systolic or diastolic BP during these tests, the resting supine and standing diastolic BP were significantly higher in panic disorder patients than in controls. The standing mean BP was also significantly higher in panic disorder patients. These findings are suggestive of an increase in adrenergic tone in panic disorder patients.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Plasma levels of 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were found to be significantly higher in manic patients than in age‐ and sex‐matched normal controls (n= 22). In 18 manic patients plasma MHPG correlated with manic symptoms but not with anxiety, depression, motor behaviour, acute psychosis, schizophrenia and severity of illness. A positive correlation between MHPG and grandiosity items on rating scales suggests a link with cognitive contents and therefore a relationship with centra

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Formation in the brain of serotonin from L‐tryptophan (L‐TRP) and noradrenaline from tyrosine are pathways related to the pathophysiology of major depression and to the regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. In the past, decrements in L‐TRP availability and disorders in the HPA axis have repeatedly been observed in major depressed patients; both factors were shown to be inversely correlated. In order to investigate the relationships between glucocorticosteroid activity and the availability of L‐TRP and tyrosine, the authors measured L‐TRP, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine in baseline conditions and after treatment with 1 mg dexamethasone in 16 healthy controls and in 50 depressed patients. The ratios between L‐TRP and tyrosine and the sums of the amino acids known to compete with them during transport across the blood‐brain barrier were computed as an index of (respectively) the serotonin and noradrenaline synthesis in the brain. We found significantly decreased plasma L‐TRP and tyrosine levels after treatment with dexamethasone compared with basal levels. Accordingly, the plasma ratios between L‐TRP and tyrosine and the sum of the competing amino acids were significantly reduced by dexamethasone administration. It was hypothesized that through these actions of dexamethasone on peripheral amino acids, the central noradrenaline and serotonin control over the HPA

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the present study patients with a major depressive disorder were first subjected to total sleep deprivation (TSD) and then treated with clomipramine. Sleep electroencephalography (EEG) was registered prior to and after TSD, during the 2 initial nights of antidepressive treatment and after 19 days. A negative correlation between response to TSD and clomipramine was found. TSD did not differentially influence the sleep EEG (responders vs nonresponders): responders tended, however, to show a more classical depressive sleep pattern prior to TSD. Clomipramine profoundly suppressed rapid eye movement (REM) sleep; the amount of initial REM sleep reduction, however, did not correlate significantly with therapy response after 3 weeks of treatment.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been shown that women are more likely than men to have used prescription psychotherapeutic medicines. Gender differences in the determinants of such use have also been identified. In an earlier study of adult household residents aged 18–44, we found that antecedent illicit drug use was associated with prescribed psychotherapeutic medicine use, independent of psychiatric symptoms. In this study, we explore these predictive relationships separately for males and females. For both males (n= 604) and females (n= 933) illicit drug use was associated with psychotherapeutic medicine use, although the relationship was stronger among males. Psychiatric symptoms did not account for this relationship for either gender. Among males, symptoms and illicit drug use each increased the likelihood of psychotherapeutic medicine use. Among females, no additional likelihood of psychotherapeutic medicine use over and above that for illicit drug use resulted when psychiatric symptoms were also present. Help‐seeking was strongly associated with prescription psychotherapeutic medicine use among both gend

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A register investigation was carried out as of December 31, 1980, with the aim of giving a broad description of a child psychiatric clientele 30 years after admission to hospital. The material consists of 322 patients ‐ 189 boys (59%) and 133 girls (41%) ‐ who were admitted during the period 1949–1951 to the only 2 child psychiatric departments at that time in Denmark. We succeeded in identifying 93% of the patients. The mean age at the time of analysis was 38.6 years (range 32–46). The material was compared with the age‐related Danish population by marital status, vocational education, and socioeconomic class. A total of 115 patients (36%) had been admitted to an adult psychiatric department, and 50 patients only once. A total of 95 patients (30%) had committed criminal offences and 12 had only committed traffic offences. A total of 60 patients (19%) had obtained disability pensions. During the 30‐year follow‐up period, 19 patients (6%) had died. A statistically significant extra mortality was found only for women. Four patients had committed suicide. By logistic regression analysis, a statistically significant correlation was found between criminal record and admission to psychiatric department and the variables: divorce, no vocational education, and lowest socioeconomic class. About 54% had managed well, judging by the varia

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data from 2 studies investigating staff‐patient and staff‐staff interaction rates are presented. In the first the staff‐patient ratio was varied by holding patient numbers constant and systematically varying staffing levels. The results showed that although the percentage of time nurses spent interacting with patients did not change, staff‐staff interaction increased as a function of increased staffing levels. In the second study the interaction rates from 4 wards were combined. These data showed that, as in the first study, staff‐patient interaction remained constant, as staff numbers increased, whilst staff‐staff interaction increased. However, unlike the first study, when analysed in terms of the staff‐patient ratio, both categories of interaction increased as the staff‐patient

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY