ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Facilities and man‐power available for treatment and prevention of mental disorders are grossly insufficient and will probably always remain so. It is therefore a crucial objective to find out to whom and in which ways available forces should be applied so as to make best possible use of them. Instances of existing obstacles to rational application of these forces are mentioned, and suggestions for minimizing such obstacles are put forward. The importance for the solution of these problems of studies like those conveyed at the present symposium is stresse

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A field‐study of need for psychiatric help was conducted in a rural smalltown area. About one‐fifth of the population was found to need care due to psychiatric symptoms. Fifteen percent of the sample was judged to need treatment by psychiatrists or psychotherapists, but less than two percent were actually cared for in psychiatric services. It would be unwise, however, to extent psychiatric services to solve all needs for psychiatric treatment in the community. Instead, the position of the general practitioner should be strengthened to avoid separation of psychological treatment and somatic treatment. We recommended that general practitioners receive more education in psychological medicine so that they can be responsible for treatment of all primary psychiatric problems. Then, it would only be necessary to double the ambulatory psychiatric services and number of psychiatrists in practice in addition to development of better social psychiatric services in order to meet the needs of the commun

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1947 a medicopsychological census was performed in a South Swedish rural population numbering 2550 inhabitants. Almost every inhabitant could be reached and subjected to a semistructured interview which was then supplemented by systematic outside information. Among other things, we tried to rate subjectively the personality of every individual, even those who were socially healthy. The results were published byEssen‐Möller et al.in 1956.After ten and twenty‐five years, respectively, the surviving inhabitants were again interviewed by other psychiatrists (Hagnell&Öjesjö) irrespective of present domicile, and information was collected regarding those deceased. The meantime incidence of mental disorder was registered. The results from the first of these repetitions were published byHagnellin 1966, and those from the second repetition are now under processing. Some probings for differential risks according to the classification of the outset are pre

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One task of social psychiatry is to increase our knowledge about true morbidity for mental illness in the community, in order to direct the delivery of psychiatric care. There are, however, several possible sources of error in traditional methods used to estimate morbidity. Changing definitions of mental illness have rendered application and comparison of epidemiological findings of doubtful value. Changes in referral behaviour of general practitioners following changes in intake‐procedure of clinics can affect morbidity estimates. The illness behaviour on the part of the patient and the decision behaviour of the medical professional also can influence estimates of morbidity. Illness behaviour can be viewed from the perspective of the socio‐cultural definition of illness, from the perspective of illness behaviour as a coping response and from the perspective of illness behaviour as “secondary illness gain”. There is some evidence that medical professionals fail to distinguish sufficiently between illness proper, which may be a rather constant factor in the community, and illness behaviour, which appears to be on the increase. The decision‐behavioural problem of the doctor is discussed from Scheff's sociological

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent studies indicate that family doctors fail to detect a substantial proportion of minor psychiatric disorders, and there is considerable variation between doctors in their ability to make accurate assessments. Previous research had indicated that such ability was correlated with certain interviewing techniques and variables relating to the doctors’ personality. The present research measured the interview techniques of 12 trainee family doctors who made inaccurate assessments of their patients’ degree of psychiatric disorder, and then offered them 4 sessions each of teaching based on acquisition of a simple model and videotaped feedback in an attempt to modify their interview techniques. The interview techniques were then measured again 1–4 months later. The reliability of the ratings of interview techniques is given, together with details about those medical behaviours which were capable of modification, and those which persisted unch

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Those involved in primary health care for children, especially family doctors and public health nurses, are already providing psychological, psychiatric and counselling services. A study of child consultations with family doctors suggested that in nearly half the attendances a significant psychosocial component was involved. Surveillance programmes currently recommended for implementation in the United Kingdom should result in early identification of severe parent‐child relationship problems and early management difficulties. It is uncertain whether effective prevention and treatment strategies exist to deal with these problems, however, but some reports are promising in this respect. The organisation and training of primary health care workers with children, to ensure their psychological needs are met, is also problematic. Greater awareness of the size of the problem could be learned at under‐graduate level and the holding of multi‐disciplinary courses for those already trained would also be he

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The importance of ambulatory care as well as the theoretical possibilities of measuring the continuity of care are discussed. A heterogenous pattern of different sorts of aftercare appears to be hidden behind the concept “attendance”. As a consequence, the first step in research on aftercare must consist of an exact desription of the patients’ behaviour after discharge. A record system is developed for the registration of patient contact in different facilities. Some of the applications of the system are illustrated concerning questions related to type of aftercare, continuity over time, change between services, and plurality of aftercare d

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in the general population by commonly used health questionnaires it is necessary to add some questions related to alcohol abuse. Even if this is done, the estimates are probably too low as the group not responding to questionnaires probably contains a larger proportion of mentally ill persons.In a 3.7% random sample of the population in Iceland aged 20–49 years the prevalence of mental disorders was estimated at approximately 20% by a health questionnaire with questions relating to alcohol abuse being added. The prevalence rate was highest in the youngest age group. The respondents in this sample have been approached again after a period of five years and asked to answer the same questionnaire. The overall prevalence rate was this time found to be similar, but slightly lower, while the prevalence rate in the youngest age group was significantly lower. The remission rate among the respondents in the follow‐up was 8.5% while the incidence over the five years was found to be 6

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The development of a comprehensive community mental health service in Mannheim, a West‐German industrial city, is evaluated on an epidemiological basis with the data recorded by the case register of the Central Institute for Mental Health. The initial bed rate of 1.5 beds per 1,000 population was comparably low. In spite of an increase in hospital admissions by 40 per cent within four years, the number of occupied beds remained stable, although the rate rose slightly to 1.7/1,000 due to a population decrease in younger and medium age groups. The increase in treated prevalence by over 100 per cent was partly due to an increase in morbidity: Alcohol‐ and drug‐related diseases and attempted suicides increased, partly because unmet needs were covered, mainly by facilities for psychiatric crisis intervention and emergency care in co‐operation with general hospitals and practising physicians. An increase in treated episodes was primarily to be found in out‐patient services, followed by a distinctly lower rise of the number of short‐and medium‐term in‐patient treatments. The rates for short‐ and medium‐term bed occupancy were very similar to the rates reported for Denmark, Camberwell, and Salford. In the sector of long‐term hospital stays (over 1 year), an analogous development took place as in Salford or Camberwell, although the initial bed rates were lower. The rate for long‐term bed occupancy fell by 5–6/100,000 per year from 118/100,000 to 104/100,000. Old long‐stay patients diminished by approximately 8/100,000. The distribution of diagnostic categories and of age groups failed to differ distinctly from those recorded

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY