摘要:

The relations of post‐dexamethasone cortisol levels to computerized tomography (CT) scan findings of lateral and third ventricle size and cortical sulcal prominence rated separately for frontal and parieto‐occipital distributions were examined in 15 manic patients. Failure to suppress endogenous cortisol after a dexamethasone challenge was associated with larger third ventricles, but not to any of the other CT scan measu

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To investigate the potential familial component in premenstrual changes, 80 pairs of sisters were assessed with the Premenstrual Assessment Form, a retrospective measure, and the Daily Ratings Form, a prospective measure, for physical, behavioral and mood changes during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. Sisters were not found to be concordant for premenstrual changes on measures derived from either procedure, a finding contradictory to previous reports in the literature as well as to our own prior research.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some previous studies have reported seasonal or monthly variations in the occurrence of depressive syndromes. The present study was carried out in order to investigate seasonality in severity of depression. Toward this end, the authors measured the Zung Self‐Rating Depression (ZD) and Anxiety (ZA) Scales scores in 104 consecutively admitted depressed patients between November 1983 and April 1985. The data were analyzed by means of spectral analysis of a single time series. Up to 47.9% of the variance in the weekly average of the ZD scores could be explained by two significant rhythms of 51 (circannual) and 7 weeks. Peaks in ZD scores were observed in April‐May, with lows occurring in August–September. Up to 30.8% of the variance in the weekly average of ZA scores was explained by a circannual rhythm. Our results show that there is a true seasonality in the severity of illness of depressed subjects. There were significant correlations between the weekly average in severity of illness and the chronograms of suicide (positively) and homicide (negatively) occurrence in Be

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A consecutive cohort of 145 adult Vietnamese refugees were personally interviewed and completed the Symptom Checklist 90 R self‐rating scale on arrival in Norway. Sixty‐two percent had witnessed bombing, fires and shooting, 48% had witnessed other people being wounded or killed and 36% had been involved in life‐threatening situations or had been wounded in the war. Nearly all war trauma variables but none of the escape or refugee camp variables were significantly related to mental health 7 years after the end of the war. War trauma was significantly associated with mental health, also when age, gender and previous mental problems were controlled for. These results and our clinical experience indicate that clinicians treating refugees should address such traumatic experiences specifi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Within a prospective longitudinal outcome study of the eating disorders with onset during adolescence, 26 former patients were reassessed at short‐term (19‐38 months) and intermediate‐term (48‐72 months) follow‐up periods. It was shown that the outcome was worse at short‐term follow‐up. In addition, the changes of diagnostic categories within the spectrum of the eating disorders were studied. It is concluded that outcome studies require repeated assessments to study the various patterns of course of the eat

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Factors influencing the long‐term outcome of affective disorders were investigated in 106 patients with an average length of course of 28 years. Univariate statistical analyses, stepwise multiple discriminance analyses and path analysis were applied. A direct unfavourable influence on the frequency of persisting alteration (evaluated according to the Global Assessment Scale) was found to have the low self‐confident premorbid personality and a higher number of episodes during course, whereas only the variable “male” had such an influence on the social consequences of the illness. The variable “manic episode” (bipolarity) and “age at onset” had only an indirect influence, in that bipolar patients had more episodes, and younger patients more frequently had a bipolar course and therefore had more episodes. The unfavourable long‐term outcome was due in those cases to the higher n

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

François Sirois’ influential paradigm for diagnosing episodes of epidemic hysteria is discussed. The part of his schema addressing the large diffuse outbreak should be eliminated as it does not possess characteristic features of mass hysteria and overlooks the potential social, cultural, political, ritualistic and institutional patterning of collective behavior. A case study involving the collective delusion of phantom rockets over Sweden during 1946 illustrates the complexities of such episod

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite the atheoretical approach of the DSM‐III‐R, the personality disorders have their roots in specific theoretical schools. Due to clinical tradition, analogies with Axis I and the tradition in psychiatry and medicine, the personality disorders are presented as categories although there is more empirical support for a dimensional approach. This study attempted to determine whether the separate personality disorders meet Kendell's criteria for distinct entities, i.e., bimodality with distinct points of rarity. None of the personality disorders met the criteria for a distinct disease entity. Instead, all of the personality disorders presented as continuous, dimensional personality traits present among healthy subjects and more pronounced in patients with mental disord

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The test‐retest reliability of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) was explored in a sample of 22 inpatients suffering from chronic schizophrenia by DSM‐III‐R criteria. Patients were tested 4 times during a period of 4–6 weeks. The total score for serial sevens showed consistently significant reliability at about 0.7, and the total score for spelling displayed a lower reliability at about 0.4, which was of borderline significance. In this short period of time, 36% and 27% of the patients shifted between being demented and nondemented when the serial sevens and spelling, respectively, were used to calculate total scores. The MMSE should not be used to categorize schizophrenics as demented or nondemented in biological studies using relatively stable

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bowlby has suggested that attachment behavior is not restricted to early childhood but can remain valid through the life span. This study was designed to test whether recall of parental rearing (Parental Bonding Instrument) and perception of marital relationship (Dyadic Adjustment Scale) is significantly different between 2 groups of women: one with non‐bipolar depressive disorder (DSM‐III‐R) compared with another (control) of healthy women from a primary practice setting. We also examined the hypothesis that exposure to dysfunctional parenting is associated with negative intimate relationships in adulthood. Our results partially support these hypotheses. We discuss the significance of these findings in the prevention and treatment of depressive diso

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY