摘要:

The results of the fourth wave of the Prague Study of subjects born of unwanted pregnancies (UP) are reported. Of these young adults, 190 were examined at age 30 together with pair‐matched control subjects born of accepted pregnancies (AP). Siblings of both UP and AP subjects were also examined. As in the previous data waves the UP subjects manifest less favorable psychosocial development on average than their AP controls, although the differences have narrowed. In some respects the siblings of the UP subjects share the latter's less favorable characteristics. However, there is a gender specific nonshared late effect of unwanted pregnancy: the UP females are more frequently emotionally disturbed than their AP female controls, whereas no such difference occurs between the female siblings of the UP and AP subject

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09795.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between DSM‐III‐R schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder (DD) and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (PD‐NOS) and schizophrenia and affective illness (AI) remains uncertain. We explore this question in the Roscommon Family Study by examining symptoms, outcome and patterns of psychopathology in relatives. Probands were selected from a population‐based case registry in the west of Ireland with an ICD‐9 diagnosis of schizophrenia or AI. Personal interviews were conducted with 88% of traceable, living probands, a mean of 16 years after onset, and 86% of traceable, living first‐degree relatives. Best‐estimate diagnoses were made at follow‐up. Schizophreniform disorder, DD and PD‐NOS constituted 6.4%, 2.8% and 7.5%, respectively, of all probands with a registry diagnosis of schizophrenia. Probands with schizophreniform disorder had prominent positive psychotic symptoms, negligible negative symptoms and a good outcome, comparable to that seen in AI probands. Their relatives had an excess risk of schizophrenia spectrum illness but not AI. Probands with DD had prominent delusions but no other psychotic symptoms, few negative symptoms, fair to good outcome and an increased risk in relatives for alcoholism. Probands with PD‐NOS had both moderate positive and negative psychotic symptoms, a poor to fair outcome and a substantially elevated risk in relatives of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders but not AI. These results suggest that i) DSM‐III‐R criteria for schizophreniform disorder define a good outcome disorder with prominent positive psychotic symptoms that probably has a familial relationship to schizophrenia, but not AI; ii) DD is a rare, monosymptomatic psychosis that may have a modest etiologic relationship with alcoholism, but probably not with schizophrenia or AI and iii) PD‐NOS is probably heterogeneous but, of these 3 disorders, most closely resembles schizophrenia with respect to symptoms, outcome and familial psychopathology. These results should be seen as tentative given the small number of proband

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09796.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study aimed to examine the predictive validity of the cluster‐analytically derived 3 subtypes of chronic affective disorders that were proposed on the basis of cross‐sectional symptoms and were shown to have some external validity with regard to psychosocial characteristics. Two‐year naturalistic follow‐up data were available for 38 (97%) of the original 39 patients with chronic affective disorders. The 3 subtypes, which were named psychotic subtype, late‐onset female subtype and depressive personality subtype in the previous analyses, did not differ in their depressive severity or social functioning upon entry. In the course of the 2‐year follow‐up, however, there were significant differences in the Global Assessment of Functioning scores as well as the social adaptation in the economic sphere according to the Social Adjustment Scale‐Self Report. All these indices revealed the psychotic subtype to have the worst outcome, followed by the depressive personality subtype, and the late‐onset female s

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09797.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The service utilization by patients with affective and neurotic disorders in two defined populations of south Verona in Italy and south Manchester in England was compared. The composition and function of the two community‐based psychiatric services, and the sociodemographic characteristics of the two centers are described and related to epidemiologically based data on service use in the community, outpatient clinic, day hospital and inpatient care. The results suggest that close liaison with primary care in south Manchester results in more referrals, and therefore higher treated incidence and prevalence rates. The close integration between hospital and community staff in south Verona is associated with greater permeability of the filter between inpatient and community care, indicated by higher admission rates for patients known to the service, and shorter length of inpatient stay (only for affective disorders) in south Verona compared with south Mancheste

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09798.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied the long‐term effects of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident on mental wellbeing 7 years after the event. Mental wellbeing was assessed using a 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The study group comprised 325 persons (aged 15–54 years) who had continued to live in the high‐fallout area in Bryansk, Russian Federation, classified as a strict control zone with respect to the level of fallout and subsequent radiation protection countermeasures. The control group comprised 278 persons living in a noncontaminated area. The mental wellbeing of women in the study group was poorer than in controls (age‐adjusted means). Based on the GHQ score, a minor mental disorder was detected in 48% of the women in the study group and 34% of the female controls. The corresponding figures for men were 26% and 28%, respectively. Those living with a partner coped better mentally than the others. The level of education was not associated with the GHQ score. Poor financial situation and self‐rated poor health were associated with a high GHQ score. Fifty‐nine per cent of the study group and 14% of the control group wanted to move away from the area of residence, but it was not associated with GHQ score. In a logistic regression analysis, independent factors explaining the GHQ score in the study group were uncertainty about the future in the men and, in addition, poor financial situation and insufficient social support in the women. According to the results, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident impaired the long‐term mental wellbeing of women living in the co

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09799.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 28‐item behavioral rating scale, the Acute Psychiatric Rating Scale (APRS), was developed using factor‐analytic methods for the assessment of functionally disturbed psychiatric inpatients. Fifty‐eight staff rated 74 patients on the scale. Seven factorial dimensions were extracted comprising neuroticism, aggression, emotional withdrawal, cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, hypomania and self‐injuriousness. The scale was evaluated in 4 different psychiatric inpatient units: two acute admission wards, an intensive care unit and a regional secure unit. Behavioral ratings on the scale were related to several patient demographic and treatment variables, including age, sex, marital status, legal status, length of admission and electroconvulsive therapy. The scale was found to possess a clear factorial structure, good interrater reliability and promising clinical validity for further research use in psychiatric inpatient s

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09800.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifteen patients with DSM‐III‐R diagnosis of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) were rated according to the Turkish version of the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS) and the US National Institute of Mental Health Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale (NIMH‐GOCS) by 7 raters independently from audiotaped interviews. Patients also completed the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). Interrater reliability of Y‐BOCS and NIMH‐GOCS were very good as well as correlations between these two scales. The correlations of MOCI with Y‐BOCS and NIMH‐GOCS were not significant. We found Y‐BOCS and NIMH‐GOCS to be reliable and valid instruments in assessing the severity of OCD. These findings suggest that MOCI may not be a suitable instrument for assessin

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09801.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 289 Greenlanders admitted for the first time to a mental hospital from 1980 to 1983, were followed for 7 years. Thirty‐seven patients, 24 men and 13 women, were diagnosed with schizophrenia at least once during the follow‐up period. The annual first admission rate per 100,000 was 41 for men and 23 for women. The schizophrenics were compared with a group of non‐schizophrenics at the same age admitted in the same period. The main results were young age at first admittance, high male‐female ratio and poor clinical and social outcome. The results were compared with WHO's cross‐cultural studies. Young age and a high male‐female ratio are in accordance with the developing countries, whereas poor outcome is in accordance with the industrialize

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09802.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Symptom characteristics and risk factors for seasonal variation in depressive symptoms were prospectively examined in 119 men and women who overwintered in Antarctica. Over a 12‐month period, this cohort reported significant increases in their global depressive symptom scores as well as several individual symptoms associated with winter depression. Summer depression and marital status were significant independent predictors of winter depression. Factor analyses of summer and winter symptoms revealed a set of symptoms traditionally associated with the winter‐over experience in a distinct factor not found in summer. These results indicate that even asymptomatic, clinically normal populations experience seasonal variation in mood in high‐latitude environments. However, this seasonal variation may be the result of social isolation during the winter months rather than the prolonged absence of sun

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09803.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Relations between panic disorder (PD) and epilepsy (E) have repeatedly been discussed. Three patients with juvenile E who had been free of seizures under anticonvulsant medication for many years and developed PD are presented. Increasing anticonvulsant medication resulted in complete and stable remission of PD. It is hypothesized that, in a subgroup of patients with PD, there is a pathophysiological relation to E. Further research into the usefulness of anticonvulsants in the treatment of PD, especially in 1 therapy‐refractory cases, is suggeste

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09804.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY