摘要:

ABSTRACTAttention is drawn to studies which throw doubt upon the importance of nutrition and smoking in the etiology of coronary heart disease (CHD). The main part of the review deals with psychosocial research in the field of CHD. A number of studies show that there is a clearcut association between life style, life events, social class, economic cycles, culture and CHD. The modern coronary epidemic is related to the economic boom which the US experienced during the 1940‐60s and which followed a decade later in Western Europe. The later decline of CHD is related to the economic stagnation that took place in the US at the end of the 1960s. Obviously, risk factors must be seen in a cultural perspective, and the moderating effects of social support should be taken into accoun

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn a 6‐week, randomized, double‐blind study, adinazolam mezylate (Deracyn® Tablets, The Upjohn Company) was compared with placebo for the treatment of depression in 80 inpatients who met the criteria for single episode or recurrent DSM‐III Major Depression. Subjects were admitted to the hospital 3 days before the start of the study and remained hospitalized for at least the first week of treatment. Efficacy was evaluated after 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days of treatment. Adinazolam was significantly superior to placebo on all observer‐rated and all global patient‐rated measures of efficacy. Twenty‐five subjects (63%) completed 6 weeks of adinazolam treatment and of these, 88% responded within 7 days. Only 15 placebo‐treated subjects (38%) completed the study. Drowsiness and mild to moderate cognitive complaints were the only side effects observed more frequently with adinazolam, and both were transient. The results show that adinazolam is safe and more effective than placebo for the treatment of ma

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWithin a longitudinal prospective study of children of schizophrenic mothers, premorbid, childhood levels of formal thought disorder correlated positively with measures of formal thought disorder obtained in adulthood. It is therefore concluded that schizophrenic symptomatology develops by gradual accretion and that schizophrenia is not a sudden, unexpected disease. Orthogonal factor analysis of formal thought disorder measures obtained in adulthood revealed two factors: one reflecting vague and drifting thinking, and the second relating to the richness of speech.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe urinary excretion of 3‐methoxy, 4‐hydroxyphenyl‐glycol, (3‐MHPG) was measured in 20 unipolar depressed patients before treatment with imipramine and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to investigate the relationship between pretreatment urinary excretion of 3‐MHPG and clinical response. There was no difference in 3‐MHPG excretion for depressed patients and controls. There was no significant difference between the mean percentage reduction of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Scores in “low” and “high” excretors of 3‐MHPG in the imipramine and ECT group of patients after fo

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThirty‐two schizophrenic patients, previously treated with antipsychotics, were treated with haloperidol decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in a double‐blind cross‐over study. The drugs were given for 24 weeks each at an individually adapted dose. The last three injections of either drug were given at fixed 4‐week intervals. The mean dose over the two treatment periods changed from 131 mg (start) to 151 mg (week 24) in the haloperidol decanoate group and from 56 mg to 66 mg in the flupenthixol decanoate group, the inter‐drug ratio being 2.3:1. During the first study period, the patients’ condition remained rather stable with both drugs. After crossing‐over, the symptoms were further reduced with haloperidol decanoate but increased with flupenthixol decanoate. Side effects of the two drugs were comparable and were generally few and mild. It was concluded that 4‐week intramuscular administration of haloperidol decanoate provides appropriate control of schizophrenic symptoms, but that flupenthixol decanoate should be dosed at sh

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe concordance between Vanggaard's concept of character neurosis and three personality questionnaires (Marke‐Nyman Temperament Scale, Cesarec‐Marke Personality Scale, and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire) was evaluated in 73 patients who were treated for a major depression in general practice. After an interview with the patients Vanggaard classified 57 of them to be without character neurosis, and the remaining 16 patients were considered to have a character neurosis. It was found that Eysenck's Neuroticism scale significantly corresponded to Vanggaard's classification. Among the other personality scales Acquiescence and Autonomy were the most important. Studies on the predictive validity of these subscales are in progr

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTREM latency and rectal and ear canal temperature were studied simultaneously in 11 controls and nine depressed patients; seven of the patients were studied when recovered. REM latency was shorter in the depressed group compared with controls and lengthened with recovery. The nocturnal and ear canal temperatures were higher in the depressed group compared with controls and decreased with recovery. REM latency and the nocturnal rectal temperature were negatively correlated when all the nights of the depressed patients were analyzed (r = ‐0.44) and when all the nights of the subjects were analyzed (r = ‐0.44). REM latency and nocturnal ear canal temperatures were negatively correlated when all the nights of the control group were analyzed (r = ‐0.34). The timing of the temperature rhythm did not appear to be correlated with the REM la

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAttention has shifted from the simple association between life events and psychological disturbance towards more complex models. Additional variables which may modify this simple association include personality factors, the nature and extent of social relationships, “vulnerability” factors and general coping skills. Four hypotheses concerning the influence of additional variables were described and their clinical relevance discussed. A general population study of 408 individuals was described. The influence of additional variables on the simple association between stressful life events and “anxiety‐depression” was examined, using a hierarchical regression model. A range of demographic, personality, “vulnerability” and social relationship variables were considered in these analyses. The relevance of these results for our understanding of life events

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwenty‐three drug‐free patients with an acute schizophrenic psychosis were studied by clinical rating scales, neuropsychological tests, computed tomography (CT) of the brain and analysis of monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The psychological tests used were the Swedish version of the Wechsler‐Bellevue Intelligence scale (WBI) and the Block Design test. The patients’ performance in the Block Design test was negatively correlated to the width of the third and lateral ventricles. Test profiles indicative of schizophrenic cognitive impairment and left hemisphere dysfunction correlated significantly with a wide third ventricle, but not with the size of the lateral ventricles. Patients with a test profile indicative of left hemisphere dysfunction also had wider Sylvian fissures than the remaining patients. Neuropsychological test scores did not correlate with the CSF levels of the monoamine metabolites HVA, MHPG and 5‐HIAA. Positive psychotic and autistic symptoms did not correlate with psychological test results, monoamine metabolites or with CT measures. The association between neuropsychological impairment and enlargement of the brain ventricles is in line with previous findings indicating that a subgroup of schizophrenic patients may be identified by neuropsychological and morphologica

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY