摘要:

ABSTRACT–Mortality in young drug users in Gothenburg was studied, by following up, for about a decade, two unselected groups (ninth grade pupils and military conscripts), and selected groups of abusers from the files of the health and social welfare authorities. In the unselected groups, cannabis smoking predominated. Solvents, LSD, and central stimulants taken orally or intravenously also occurred, particularly in the selected groups. Polydrug abuse including alcohol was common, opiate abuse was rare. Observed mortality was compared with expected mortality in the same age groups. The mortality rate was significantly increased in several of the selected groups, 2.4‐6.9 times in men and 1.3‐7.9 times in women. Among pupils with high‐frequency drug use it was increased 5.5 times in boys and not significantly increased in girls. Among pupils with low‐frequency drug use it was not significantly increased in boys and increased 4.7 times in girls. Among registered pupils the mortality was increased 4.2 and 8.2 times in boys and girls respectively. Military conscripts did not display an increased mortality. The proportion of unnatural deaths was over 90%, which was significantly higher than in the population. About half of the deaths were suicides and undetermined suicides. The proportion of undetermined suicides was high among men. Two of the male deaths were homicides. In about one third of the deaths alcohol was involved. Dextropropoxyphene was present in five of the 14 intoxications among men. Although mortality was increased it is lower than in other Scandinavian studies. This may be explained by the relative youth of the abusers and the rare occurrence of opi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Hysteria has two main explanatory models: a neurobiological and a psychodynamic. Both models can predict a memory deficit, as a consequence either of a neurophysiological inhibition or of a repression produced by a conflict. The existence of a conflict can also be proved by showing the stimulating, and not the inhibitory effect that conflictual material can have when appropriately shown. Ten female hysterical patients and 10 nonpsychiatric female patients were submitted to a short‐term memory test consisting of pictures. In one session all pictures were neutral, while in a second session, the neutral were mixed with mild sexually charged pictures, excluded from subsequent recall. The overall performances of the two groups were not significantly different, but the hysterical patients remembered better the pictures linked to the sexual ones, while the control group did the opposite. The results are consistent with the psychodynamic model, while they cannot be explained by the neurobiologi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The Syndrome Check List (SCL) as detailed by Wing et al. (1) was used on patients belonging to various cultural groups admitted to a London hospital. On the basis of combined Catego diagnosis of schizophrenia and paranoid schizophrenia the frequency of patients with first rank symptoms (FRS) for each group was calculated. It was found that the frequencies of FRS showed cultural difference and that these differences were less when groups were relatively culturally similar. These findings are compared with findings elsewhere. The clinical dilemma presented by these findings is discusse

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The frequencies of auditory, visual and olfactory hallucinations as defined by Wing et a!, were studied in schizophrenic patients of various groups treated in the same hospital. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was made by the use of the Syndrome Check List. It was found that there were some cultural differences in the frequencies of hallucinations, these being higher in the African, West Indian and Asian culture groups than in the English and other groups. The possible clinical significance of these variations are discusse

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Drug‐related medical and social conditions were investigated in a sample of military conscripts from Gothenburg. The men participated in a questionnaire study concerning drug abuse in 1969/70 and were traced in different registers for 5 to 7 years. Abusers demonstrated an over‐consumption of psychiatric and social care. Of all military conscripts, 4% had Received in‐patient psychiatric care, A total of 18% of those who were high‐frequency drug users Received the same care. The predominant diagnosis at the time of psychiatric treatment was drug abuse, 42 % of all military conscripts were registered with the Social Welfare Administration, while the figure was 71% for high‐frequency drug users. The proportion of those with repealed or lengthy sick leave was greatest among those who indicated use of drugs in the questionnaire. The proportion who had driving licences was lower among drug users and 39 % of the high‐frequency drug users were granted exemption from military service during the inspection proceedings compared with less than 10% among the remaining groups. Cumulative frequencies of registrations showed that a number of curves were high for groups of drug users at an early stage and that the curves had not leveled off at the end of the fol

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–A questionnaire investigation in 1969/70 concerning drug use among military conscripts constitutes the basis for a study of the course and outcome of drug abuse and of drug‐related medical and social conditions, 19% of military conscripts from Gothenburg indicated that they had at some time used drugs compared with 11% in the whole country. Between 4 and 5% of the men in Gothenburg indicated current drug use. Of those with some drug experience, more than 40% had used drugs more than 10 times. Cannabis smoking predominated. These figures are probably an underestimate because of the pattern of selection for military service. Those who had used drugs had more frequently used solvents and also had more advanced habits as regards alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking. Their intelligence level was somewhat higher than others’ but they were less well‐adjusted at home and at school. They had more frequently been in contact with the police or the Social Welfare Administration and more often had nervous p

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The occurrence of possible differences in rearing practices related to social class has been investigated in a series of 125 depressed patients by means of a special intentory ‐ the EMBU ‐ con‐structured by our group. Three factors derived from the EMBU in the course of previous studies: “rejection”, “emotional warmth”, ”over‐protection” have been taken into account. The rearing practices experienced by subjects belonging to different social classes did not differ concerning “emotional warmth”. On the other hand, subjects belonging to the higher social classes scored their parents higher on the variables “rejection” and “overprotection”. Since “emotional warmth” proved in an earlier study to discriminate between depressives and healthy controls, it is concluded that the difference cannot have been biased by

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The clinical efficacy and tolerability of trazodone and amitriptyline were compared in 74 hospital patients suffering from depressive illness. The daily doses of trazodone and amitriptyline were 150‐300 mg and 75‐225 mg, respectively, with half‐strength capsules for patients over the age of 65 years. Twenty‐five and 29 patients receiving trazodone and amitriptyline, respectively, completed the 6 week treatment period. Antidepressant activity was measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Zung Scale of Depression, visual analogue scales and a Global Assessment Scale. Trazodone and amitriptyline were both effective but not statistically different from each other in terms of antidepressant action. Moreover, patients with neurotic or endogenous depression responded equally well on either treatment. Trazodone was less troublesome in respect of the persistent dry mouth and severe adverse psychiatric reactions which occurred with amitriptyline. Patients should be advised to take trazodone af

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–With a restrictive‐permissive hypothesis as a frame of reference, the aim of this explorative study is to obtain knowledge about the socialization process, i.e. how children in Sweden and China come to behave in accordance with cultural values and what the price is of this development. 273 school children (about 11‐12 years old) from six cities and 49 preschool children (age 6‐7 years old) from 10 cities in China are compared with a Swedish sample (329 and 48) from a single community. The Swedish school children came from both outskirt and central areas. Despite acknowledged limitations, the overall findings confirm two hypotheses: 1) Chinese children learn to a higher extent to control their emotions than Swedish children, and 2) Chinese children learn to orient towards collective norms as opposed to Swedish children who are more individualistically o

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Health attitudes and psychological distress were investigated in 50 patients attending a lithium clinic and in 50 normal controls. Patients receiving lithium treatment did not report more worry about illness, hypochondriacal attitudes, concern about pain, disease phobia and bodily preoccupations than normals, even though they took fewer precautions about their health and exhibited more self‐rated psychological distress. Since most of the psychiatric patients were found to display more fears about illness and death than controls in other studies, this preliminary report may suggest that normal health attitudes are associated with lithium compliance in affective illn

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY