摘要:

ABSTRACT–In an attempt to identify prognostic factors, non‐drug users and abusers in the Gothenburg year cohort of 1953 were compared with reference to background data. Individuals with chronic abuse differed most from the “normal” group. Prognostic factors for drug abuse were; member of a multiproblem family, child psychiatric care, contact with the Social Welfare Administration at an early age, truancy, placement in special class, premature drop‐out from school, admitted high‐frequency drug use in a school questionnaire, for boys early registration for crimes and for girls nervous complaints. The results indicate the necessity of earlier and more effective

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–54 schizophrenic patients paired for age, sex, marital status and social class with 54 normal subjects were investigated with Paykel's Interview for Recent Life Events. The interview covered life events occurring in the 6 months preceding admission to hospital for a schizophrenic episode for the patients and screening for the normal subjects. The schizophrenics reported more life events than the normal controls in the areas of work, health, and social and familial relations, and also experienced more events with a moderate to severe objective negative impact than the latter. While these results confirm the hypothesis that threatening life events can, in many patients, be considered risk factors for the development of an acute schizophrenic episode, they do suggest the need to examine the life event‐schizophrenia relation according to a multifactorial approach, such as that provided by the vulnerability model, which includes an evaluation of the role of moderating variab

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–During a 6 months’ period, 99 persons, randomly chosen among patients admitted for attempted suicide to the Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, were interviewed. This paper, which is the first in a series, deals with the theoretical and methodological background of the survey and the validity of the sample and also with some basic social characteristics of the suicide attempters. The majority of the suicide attempters were found to be single and many of them were living alone or alone with children. The sample could also be characterized by a low level of vocational education and by lack of association with the labour market. The suicide attempters could not, however, be unequivocally described as being in bad financial circumstances, neither were they solely from the lower social classes; the social status profile of the suicide attempters was closer to the status profile of suiciders, with relatively many persons from both upper and lower classes and few from the middle cl

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–In a study of suicide in Singapore in 1980 there were 230 cases and the suicide rate for the general population was 9.5 per 100,000. The age‐specific rates increased steeply after 50 years and there was a male preponderance especially in the age group 60 years and over. Comparing the three major ethnic groups in Singapore, the highest rate was seen in the Indians and Chinese, whereas the Malays had the lowest. Amongst the suicides there were 59 (25.7%) with mental illness, mainly schizophrenia, and they were of a younger age group, 20‐39 years. The commonest method of suicide was jumping from high‐ris

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Concentrations of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl glycol (HMPG) in lumbar spinal fluid were measured by mass fragmentography in 16 men convicted for criminal homicide, 22 men who had attempted suicide, and 39 healthy male control subjects. Those men who had killed a sexual partner, and those who had attempted suicide, had lower levels of the serotonin metabolite, 5‐HIAA in spinal fluid than the controls. It is suggested that low levels of 5‐HIAA in spinal fluid reflect a disorder of serotonin turnover, which makes the individual more prone to acts of violence in states of em

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The results of a 7‐year follow‐up study of 50 former psychiatric inpatients with a diagnosis of depressive neurosis (ICD 300.4) who met the RDC criteria for Major Depression are reported. The follow‐up assessment of the patients included the use of standardized social, psychological and psychopathological instruments. In addition, the course of illness as well as the utilization of medical services and periods of working disability was evaluated. The results indicate a rather unfavourable course and outcome in terms of symptoms for approximately 40% of the sample, including six patients who had committed suicide after index discharge. Almost 40% of the sample showed mild chronic symptoms with persistent impairments in social functioning especially in the area of social interaction, whereas only 20% of the sample were classified as satisfactorily improved or completely r

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Paroxetine is a new antidepressant drug with potent serotonin (5HT) uptake inhibitory properties. In this double‐blind comparative study, the antidepressant effect of paroxetine and amitriptyline has been compared in 44 patients with depressive illnesses of an endogenous nature. Each drug was given for 6 weeks. The 17‐item Hamilton Depression Scale was used to measure the antidepressant effect. Reported events were assessed applying a 22‐item check list. Non‐parametric statistical analyses were applied in the evaluation of treatment outcome for the 30 patients who completed the study. The results showed no significant differences in overall antidepressant efficacy between paroxetine and amitriptyline and that paroxetine displayed significantly fewer instances of dry mouth and orthostatic dizziness than amitriptyline. No obvious relationship was demonstrated between the plasma levels of the drugs and their clinica

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Clinical and biochemical effects of two selective 5‐HT uptake inhibitors, zimeldine and alaproclate, were studied in 24 hospitalized patients with endogenous depression. According to a randomized parallel group design 14 patients were treated with zimeldine and 10 with alaproclate. The dosage of both zimeldine and alaproclale was 200 mg daily. For the evaluation of the clinical effect, Montgomery&Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used. Seven of 14 patients treated with zimeldine and seven of 10 treated with alaproclate improved. 5‐HT uptake inhibition in patients’ platelets and concentration of amine metabolities (5‐HIAA, HVA, HMPG) in CSF were studied before and during treatment. After 3 weeks of treatment with zimeldine 5‐HIAA and HMPG in CSF decreased significantly while HVA in CSF increased significantly. Zimeldine produced a significant 5‐HT uptake inhibition in platelets. During treatment with alaproclate no significant change in amine metabolites concentration in CSF was found and there were no mean changes on 5‐HT uptake inhibiti

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The relationship of concurrent benzodiazepine administration to seizure duration in ECT was examined. Administration of a standard oral dose of 10 mg diazepam to a series of patients suffering from major depressive disorder produced a significant reduction in men seizure length during ECT compared to length of ECT‐induced seizure in those patients when they were benzodiazepine free. This finding is discus

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–1517 women between 20 and 59 years of age were screened for current psychiatric disturbance using the General Health Questionnaire, and 382 of the subjects were also interviewed. The women gave information on a variety of family, demographic and reproductive or gynaecological items. Items concerning personal relationships with mother, husband and father were significantly associated with high scores on the GHQ as were demographic items such as marital status, numbers of children and social class and gynaecological items such as sterilization and painful, heavy or irregular periods. The many cross associations between items included in the study need to be considered when interpreting the findings. In particular the highly significant association of relationship and demographic factors with psychiatric morbidity in women must be taken into account when investigating the impact of reproductive physiology and gynaecological procedures on mental healt

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY