摘要:

ABSTRACT—The experience of using thyroid hormones in affective disorders is summarized. This includes: 1) Using thyroid hormones alone in depression; 2) their combined use with tricyclic antidepressants; 3) addition of thyroid hormones to non‐tricyclic antidepressants; 4) the use of thyroid stimulating hormone; and 5) thy‐rotropin releasing hormone in depression. Suggested mechanisms of action are discussed. A special attention is paid to the place of thyroid hormones in the treatment of rapid cycling affective dis

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Mania secondary to head injury is reported to be rare. Two cases of florid manic psychoses following head injury are reported along with neurological and neuropsychological investigations. Findings on the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) suggested residual cognitive deficits, predominantly of right hemisphere. Temporal proximity, clinical neurological findings, EEG changes and deficits on LNNB suggest a causal link between head injury and mani

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Although high rates of psychopathology in children and adolescents suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have been reported in the literature, the subject remains controversial. In this investigation we made a psychiatric study of 26 adolescents with TLE using a detailed structure interview and rigorous diagnostic criteria. These were compared to 26 matched controls suffering from chronic bronchial asthma (BA). In neither group was there a high rate of specific psychiatric illness, although many adolescents in both samples showed moderate to severe depression. We conclude that TLE may not be a specific cause of psychopathology in adolescence, and that the depression might result from the suffering involved in chronic illnes

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Within a sample of 88 pregnant women with a history of nonorganic psychosis, the woman's life situation and experience of pregnancy, assessed through interviews during pregnancy, were studied in relationship to the development of 25 postpartum psychotic episodes (PPPs) occurring during the first 6 months postpartum. Neither Early nor Later Onset PPPs were associated with more current material situational problems, interpersonal difficulties, lack of relatives' support for the pregnancy, the woman's negative attitude toward the pregnancy or her experience of somatic health complaints. Contrary to expectation, PPP cases reported several more positive situational, attitudinal and experiential characteristics than did risk cases not developing PPPs. A number of different possible explanations for this finding are discusse

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Out of a total of 10,661 patients admitted over a 10‐year period in a Nigerian psychiatric hospital, 138 deaths were recorded. A decreasing trend in the mortality figures was demonstrated despite a marked increase in the number of admissions. There were more male deaths (60%) than female deaths (40%). The majority of the patients who died (64%) were under the age of 40 years. Infection was the single most important cause of death. There was one case of suicide and one other death resulted from ECT. Sudden unexplained deaths occurred in 19% of the cases. Possible ways of further reducing the mortality figures are sugges

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Is the therapeutic community model appropriate for short term psychiatric wards with catchment area responsibility and emergency obligations? A comparative study of group dynamics, measured by Group Emotionality Rating System and Group Focal Conflict Analysis within three different therapeutic community wards, revealed that the short term ward contained extreme fight/flight groups and pseudo‐groups unable to deal with the delegated responsibility presupposed by the therapeutic community model. The intermediate ward functioned fairly well, while the long term ward for psychotherapy of schizophrenia and personality disorders also functioned badly from a therapeutic community proper point of view. The author discusses these findings in light of previous literature and concludes that the therapeutic community proper is predominantly a treatment model relevant for personality disorders and severe neuroses, and not adequate for the multiplicity of emergency tasks facing a short term psychiatric w

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Based on clinical similarities with schizophrenics and previous computed tomography (CT) studies that found distinct structural abnormalities in the brains of bipolar patients, we evaluated 26 DSM‐III bipolar patients and 22 controls by CT, using quantitative measures of ventricular and sulcal size and of cerebral parenchymal density. Third ventricle size was increased, as was periventricular and cortical density. Comparison is made with results found in other psychotic conditions and the possible etiopathological significance discus

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Since the clinical significance of CT abnormalities found in bipolar patients remains obscure, we studied 26 DSM‐III bipolar patients who had specific CT abnormalities (third ventricle enlargement, and hyperdensity of the caudate, thalamus, anterior frontal white matter, and right temporal lobe) on numerous parameters such as EEG, the Halstead‐Reitan Neuropsychological Battery, premorbid personality adjustment, family history of affective disorder, positive and negative symptoms, employment history, and response to lithium carbonate treatment. None of these measures could differentiate between the CT abnormal and CT normal subgroups. The implications of these findings are disc

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Paroxetine is a new antidepressant drug. It is a potent and selective 5‐HT re‐uptake inhibitor with only weak anticholinergic properties and less effect on the cardiovascular system than the classical tricyclics. In this double‐blind multicenter study the antidepressant effect of paroxetine was compared with mianserin in 70 patients with unipolar or bipolar depression. Each drug was administered for 6 weeks after a 1 week run‐in period at a daily dosage of 30 mg for paroxetine or 60 mg for mianserin. The 21‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D) and the physician's global assessment were used to assess efficacy. Both treatment groups showed statistically significant improvement of the HAM‐D at Weeks 1 (base‐line values: paroxetine mean 28.5; mianserin mean 30.8) through to Week 6 (paroxetine mean 11.5; mianserin mean 17.8) (P<0.06). The endpoint differences between treatments however were not statistically different (P= 0.11). The Cleary and Guy factor analysis showed a significant difference (P<0.03) at Weeks 2 and 4 for cognitive disturbance and at Weeks 4 and 6 for retardation in favour of paroxetine compared with mianserin. Both drugs were well tolerated with nausea and headache in four patients and somnolence in six patients being reported as the most common side‐effect for paroxetine and mia

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The locus ceruleus (LC), a pigmented brainstem nucleus rich in noradrenergic neurons, has been proposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of aging and schizophrenia. We undertook a quantitative neuropathological study of the LC in these two conditions. A computing planimeter was employed to count the total number of neurons and measure the volume of the LC, neuronal cross‐sectional area, and percent of neuronal area occupied by neuromelanin in the brains of 39 subjects; 13 “normative”, 15 leucotomized schizophrenic (most had died in the preneuroleptic era), and 11 leucotomized non‐schizophrenic control patients, ranging in age from 11 to 94 years. There was a significant inverse correlation between age and total number of LC neurons, neuronal size, and LC volume, and a significant positive correlation between age and the percentage of neuronal area occupied by neuromelanin. Although schizophrenics did not differ significantly from control groups on any of the parameters of LC morphology, there was a trend for reduced LC volume in schizophrenic brains. Also, the LC of leucotomized patients tended to have increased neuromelanin content and slightly increased cell counts compared to normals, although the importance of this finding is

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY