摘要:

Five hundred and sixteen final‐year non‐consulting medical students were studied as to the occurrence of different degrees of suicidal feelings. A total of 12.6 % reported some degree of suicidal feelings during the past year. Responses ranged along a continuum such that subjects reporting the more intense feelings also reported the less intense feelings.In 5.6 % of the subjects the maximum intensity was only a feeling that life was not worthwhile, 4 % had thought of taking their life, 0.9 % had seriously considered suicide or made plans, and 0.4 % had made an actual suicide attempt.Subjects experiencing suicidal feelings in the past year had had more minor psychiatric symptoms, particularly of depression, and had experienced more stressful events and somatic illness. In these respects they resembled the description of completed suic

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship of doctors’ assessments to their patients’ self‐assessments was examined in a double‐blind comparison of Moti‐press® and Anafranil® in patients suffering from mixed anxiety/depressive states. Significant differences between doctors’ ratings were revealed which were largely parallelled by their patients’ self‐ratings done independently, suggesting differences between subgroups of patients within the whole population. Appropriate statistical analyses eliminated these factors in the data and showed that they did not affect the conclusions of a conventional statistical analysis of the two treatment groups as a whole; there were no significant differences between the major improvements associated wi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A controlled study was conducted on 25 patients diagnosed to be suffering from organic brain syndrome. Luria's Neuropsychological Investigation was administered to detect organicity and to determine its locus.The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test served as a control.Luria'stest confirmed organicity in all of the proband population and in none of the controls. It also indicated probable locus of the lesion.Administration ofLuria'stest on a larger population with equivocal cases is suggested.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The approaches ofReitanandLuriato the brain‐behaviour relationships are compared in ternis of the dichotomies between clinical neuropsychology and behavioural neurology, indirect inference and direct inference, standard approach and flexible approach.The underlying neuropsychological models ofHalsteadandReitanand ofLuriaare confronted. The outcomes of a pilot study comparing the results of the Halstead‐Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (HRNTB) and Luria's Neuropsychological Investigation (LNI) inChristensen'sversion are briefly mentioned.The possibilities of an integration of these two approaches are discussed and a step approach to the neuropsychological assessment descri

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Increasingly sophisticated twin and adoption research has demonstrated major genetic contributions to the etiology of manic‐depression and schizophrenia. But studies disagree concerning whether the two are genetically related illnesses. This lack of consensus could be due to individual, regional, and temporal differences in the criteria used to diagnose the two conditions. This study is the first to employ the new DSM‐III criteria. Schizophrenia was no more common in the 1,098 first‐degree relatives of 100 male and 100 female manic‐depressives than it is in the population at‐large. This would appear to strengthen the view that manic‐depression and schizophrenia are genetically unrelat

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a previous study it was shown that in endogenous depression repeated sleep deprivation (SD) during clomipramine treatment resulted in rapid improvement after each SD. However, except after the first night, relapses were observed after all sleep nights following SD (the “recovery nights”). The present pilot study had a therapeutic aim, namely to prevent these relapses. We were interested in whether limitation of sleep during the recovery nights might prevent these relapses and whether different amounts of sleep would have different effects on the course of mood after recovery sleep. Ten endogenously depressed patients were treated with clomipramine and with three SD's. Five patients slept for approximately 2 h, and the other five for about 5 h during the second and third recovery nights. On average, no relapse was shown by these patients and, in fact, there was some additional improvement after these nights, in contrast to the findings in the previous study, where patients were allowed unlimited sl

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mental health of the man was studied in a random sample of 58 Swedish unbroken families. Men with mental symptoms above an approximate median were compared to men with mental symptoms below the median. Thirteen of the men with mental symptoms were regarded as suffering from clinical psychopathology. Men reporting many mental symptoms more often than the others, had poor contact with their parents and poor mental health during childhood and adolescence, and also their parents’ marriage had been disharmonious. Men with mental symptoms above the median more often tended to have a less satisfying relationship to their wives and children. This same group of men usually had low incomes and tended to be dissatisfied with their job and present dwelling. There was no relationship between the man's current mental health and the child's report of its emotional contact with its father in a projective play session. Nor was the number of mental symptoms related to the emotional and intellectual development of the chil

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Low levels of platelet monoamine oxidase have been found in schizophrenic and bipolar depressive patients. The enzyme activity seems to correlate negatively with certain personality traits (social activity, sensation seeking, hypomania, positive affect and monotony avoidance) which are correlated to some extent with the score “extraversion” from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The present study was carried out in an attempt to investigate further the possible correlation between platelet MAO activity and the personality traits measured by the EPQ. 41 schizophrenic patients and 20 healthy probands were blindly examined for platelet MAO activity and personality characteristics. The enzyme activity was found to correlate negatively with the extra‐version score in patients and healthy probands, which is in agreement with the data from other studies. This correlation is discussed and a hypothesis sugg

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The opportuneness of operating on transsexuals has often been discussed but it has obviously been the only form of treatment they wish themselves. Most transsexuals in Denmark have been assessed at the Rigshospital prior to surgery. Since 1951, when the first operation on a transsexual took place, we have had a thorough pre‐operative knowledge of a total of 29 transsexual males who have all obtained official status as females and who have subsequently been followed up.A phenomenologically based clinical theory of the dynamic coherence of the symptomatology of transsexuals has been advanced. A special core group of transsexual males has been described as characterized by a stable defence in the form of a pseudofeminine narcissism, a stable ego strength, an intact reality testing and a poor genital interest. These patients are expected to have a relatively stable life postoperatively.Of the 29 operated transsexual males six were not interviewed, three had committed suicide and two refused to take part in the follow‐up. These last five did not belong to the core group, whereas one patient, who emigrated to Canada after sex‐reassignment, belonged to the core group. The remaining 23 have all been interviewed, of these 14 belonged to the core group. The average for the follow‐up period is 6 years.The operations turned out not to be resocializing, rather the contrary. The majority had no occupation at follow‐up and the number of persons with disablement pension had increased considerably. About 66% lived alone and the majority of those with sexual relationships had had problems. Both before and after operation the majority felt socially isolated. About 66% were satisfied with the surgical outcome, nevertheless 50% wished for supplementary plastic surgery. None of the patients showed signs of more severe psychic sufferings or psychoses postoperatively. Psychically, 83% felt better after than before sex‐reassignment. The majority have had complications and subjective trouble in connection with plastic surgery leading to reoperations of the vagina in most of them. Almost 75% have had sexual relationships postoperatively but not without difficulties.Characteristic of the persons in the core group is a better economy, a better adjustment to the environment and less problems with neighbours, they are more satisfied with the surgical outcome and have had fewer surgical corrections and also have a better psychic condition than the rest.It is the general impression at follow‐up that the advantages of sex‐reassignment outweigh the disadvantages where the core group is concerned. But among the persons who do not belong to the core group subjective and objective problems seem so pronounced that operation must be advised against in spite of the often extremely, subjectively unsatisfactory condition of these patients

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY