摘要:

A total of 810 adults were examined by psychiatrists in the second stage of the Eastern Baltimore Mental Health Survey. A semistructured examination, the Standard Psychiatric Examination, was used. The relationships between obsessions and compulsions and personal characteristics, childhood behaviors, family history, and other psychopathology were evaluated. The estimated prevalence of obsessions and compulsions in this population was 1.5%. Cases were significantly more likely to report having had childhood fears, learning disabilities and a family history of alcoholism and suicidal behavior. There were significant positive relationships between scores on compulsive, borderline and histrionic personality disorder scales and the probability of obsessions and compulsions. These exploratory analyses in an epidemiologic sample may identify factors of etiologic importance in this condition.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence of suicidal behavior displayed by preadolescent children hospitalized on inpatient psychiatric units is estimated to range between 18% and 80% of the population. The current study provides an independent estimate of the prevalence of this problem. A semistructured interview was used to assess suicidal behavior displayed by 61 admissions to a child psychiatric inpatient unit between April 1988 and September 1989. According to the Pfeffer Spectrum of Suicidal Behavior Scale, 63% of the sample engaged in some form of suicidal behavior. Preadolescents and their parents reported similar rates of suicidal thoughts, threats and attempts. The dangerousness of recent suicidal behavior was not found to differ by age, sex, legal custody status or socioeconomic status.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A double‐blind 12 week trial was undertaken to compare the effects of clomipramine + dixyrazine with clomipramine + placebo in the treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Of 45 patients included (21 dixyrazine, 24 placebo), 16 dropped out (6 dixyrazine, 10 placebo). The number of panic attacks and the scores on the panic disorder subscale of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were significantly reduced in response to both treatment regimens, but the reduction was significantly greater in the dixyrazine group. The patients’ daily functioning was significantly more improved with the dixyrazine combination. The serum concentration of desmethylclomipramine monotherapy was significantly higher and the side effects significantly lower in the combined treatment with dixyrazine than with clomipramine monotherapy. Clomipramine combined with dixyrazine seems superior to clomipramine in the treatment of panic disor

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Of 1969 previous adolescent psychiatric inpatients, 1792 (91%) were traced after a mean follow‐up period of 15 years. Thirty‐five patients, 1.7% of the females and 2.2% of the males, had committed suicide, corresponding to a yearly suicide rate of 145/100,000 for males and 110/100,000 for females. This represents a 6‐fold increase for males and a 19‐fold increase for females compared with the suicide rate for 15‐ to 29‐year‐old males and females in the general population. There was seasonality in violent but not in nonviolent suicides. The patients who had committed suicide were compared with matched patients from the same sample who stayed alive. The suicide group had more depressive symptoms, more learning difficulties, poorer self esteem, were more help‐rejecting, and had more immature defense mechanisms. They lacked parental support and were more often verbally abused by their parents. They had more frequently experienced serious losses in early childhood and had a higher score on enduring stressors on Axis IV in DSM‐III‐R. They more often came from urban areas and received poorer follow‐up after discharge from hospital. Eight of these discriminating factors were combined into a predictive model for the lifetime risk of suicide in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. The model had strong predictive power, classifying 84% of the

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 103 Holocaust survivors who suffered from Nazi persecution during their childhood years were interviewed in 1992. The interviews were conducted using a questionnaire specially prepared for statistical studies of Holocaust survivors. The study demonstrated that most survivors in this sample still suffer today, more than 50 years after the outbreak of the Second World War, from symptoms of the survivor syndrome. Their mental suffering is in positive correlation to the intensity of the trauma they suffered in their childhood. Those who were in death camps suffer more than those who suffered during their childhood from other forms of persecution by the Nazis. The coping and adjustment of child survivors of death camps were also less successful than the coping and adjustment of child survivors who went through other forms of persecution.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Part of a series of studies into early detection in adolescent suicide, this study investigated relationships between parenting style and suicidal thoughts, acts and depression. Students (mean age 15 years) from 4 randomly chosen high schools completed self‐report questionnaires containing the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the Youth Self Report, which provided information about suicide ideation, deliberate self‐harm and depression. Significant differences for mean scores on the PBI subscales were noted between cases and noncases of depression, suicidal thoughts and deliberate self‐harm. Assignment by adolescents of their parents to the “affectionless control” quadrant of the PBI doubles the relative risk for suicidal thoughts, increases the relative risk for deliberate self‐harm 3‐fold and increases the relative risk for depression 5‐fold. It seems that the PBI may play a role in identification of vulnerable adolescents; further, it both elucidates aspects of adolescent‐parent interaction and points toward areas for intervention with at‐risk adolescents. We recommend the use of the PBI in early detection studies of

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of toxic agents in attempted and completed suicides. The purpose was also to explore the sources of the drugs taken by suicide attempters. Verbal information on drug intake was collected from 280 suicide attempters during 1987–1990 in the Lund‐Orup catchment area. Information on the sources of the drugs was collected from 143 of these attempters. The study also includes toxicological screening from 73 fatal poisonings in southern Sweden during 1989. According to verbal information, the most common drugs used by suicide attempters were benzodiazepines (51%), analgesics (29%) and antidepressants (20%). In suicide attempters, diazepam and levomepromazine were reported more than expected from prescription data. Toxicological screenings of fatal poisonings showed that benzodiazepines were most common (55%), followed by analgesics (38%), mainly propoxyphene (29%) and antidepressants (30%), mainly amitriptyline (22%). Amitriptyline and diazepam were more commonly detected in completed suicides than expected from prescription data. The most common sources of drugs to attempted suicides were physicians, and especially psychiatrists. We therefore conclude that continuous information to physicians on drug overdose is important, and it is also important to introduce alternative strategies to prevent suicidal behavi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

All cases of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) are believed to be caused by a mutation in the gene encoding for porphobilinogen deaminase, a rate‐limiting enzyme in the haem synthetic pathway. This gene has been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 11, a region of the genome that has recently attracted considerable attention as a possible location for genes implicated in major mental disorder. This study was designed to show whether major mental illness co‐segregated with acute intermittent porphyria in families where the two conditions are found. The study also investigated the relation between clinical mental symptoms and biochemical parameters of acute intermittent porphyria. The case records of 344 consecutive patients admitted to the Porphyrias Research Group in the Western Infirmary in Glasgow between 1950 and 1988 with acute intermittent porphyria were examined for evidence of psychiatric contact. Of 16 individuals identified, 12 were available for the study. Forty relatives of these 12 probands, including 9 who were asymptomatic carriers of AIP, were interviewed for lifetime history of mental illness and current symptoms. Comparisons were made between 4 groups of patients based on urinary porphyrin levels and erythrocyte enzyme activity; 1) manifest acute intermittent porphyria, 2) latent acute intermittent porphyria, 3) normal relatives and 4) total acute intermittent porphyria (latent and manifest combined). No association was found between AIP and schizophrenia or manic‐depressive illness. Only one patient with schizophrenia was found in the sample of 344 case notes, and in 2 families bipolar illness was found but did not segregate with acute intermittent porphyria. The commonest psychiatric diagnosis in patients was generalized anxiety. In the total AIP group (latent and manifest), compared with normals, the rating scale measures of anxiety were significantly correlated with the level of porphyrin metabolites in the urine at the time of rating. This was true even in subjects with latent AIP, who were not at the time of testing aware that they were asymptomatic carriers of the illness. AIP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of generalized anxiety dis

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A French version of the Canberra Interview for the Elderly (CIE) was developed. This instrument is designed for lay administration and, using a computer algorithm, produces diagnoses of dementia and depression according to ICD‐10 and DSM‐III‐R criteria. The reliability of this French version was found to meet or exceed the English version in a test‐retest design. Validity, established by comparison with diagnoses made by an experienced clinician, was also found to be acceptable. The CIE is thus an appropriate instrument for the epidemiological study of these disorders in French‐speaking po

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In studies by means of the Swedish version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, we have demonstrated a 5‐factor model of schizophrenia, including positive, negative, excited, anxious/depressive and cognitive factors. In this study, the 5 factors were correlated with background factors in a series comprising 140 patients with schizophrenic syndromes. None of the 5 factors revealed any significant age or sex differences. The positive factor correlated positively with the number of previous hospitalizations and the negative factor correlated negatively. The excited factor correlated negatively with age at onset, age at first hospitalization and positively with the duration of the illness and the number of previous hospitalizations. The cognitive factor correlated negatively with age at onset and age at first hospitalization and positively with the duration of the illness. Age at onset was positively correlated with delusions, excitement, unusual thought content and poor impulse control and negatively with lack of spontaneity. The duration of illness correlated positively with excitement, difficulty in abstract thinking and mannerisms. The number of previous hospitalizations correlated positively with delusions, excitement, unusual thought content and poor impulse control and significant negative correlations were demonstrated as concerns blunted affect and lack of spontaneit

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY