摘要:

The prevailing aesthetic body shape model in our culture – that of slenderness – plays a leading role in eating disorders. A questionnaire (CIMEC) was prepared in an attempt to measure the influence of the agents and situations that transmit this model. The CIMEC questionnaire was applied to 59 anorectics and 59 normal girls matched by age and social class. Highly significant differences were found between the scores obtained from both groups, showing the patients to have a much greater involvement with the sociocultural agents encouraging weight loss. Factorial analysis of the discriminating items gave rise to 5 factors, each of which also significantly differentiated between anorectics and the normal group. The questionnaire, in two versions, showed satisfactory internal consistency and appropriate sensitivity and specificity and would serve as a sound instrument for screening. It calls into question the causal relationship between anorexia nervosa and sociocultural influen

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb08084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study attempts to identify variables associated with improved functioning after psychiatric hospitalization. The relationship between 25 clinical and demographic variables and improvements and functioning at discharge of 309 consecutive patients in an open ward over 2 years were studied using stepwise logistic regression. Measures of patient functioning at discharge were score above or below 50 on the (Global Assessment of Functioning scale) (GAF) and 3‐point scale of functioning 1 week after discharge (needs constant supervision, functions independently at home, functions on the job). We created a logistic regression model of outcome based on the information available at admission and one based also on information at time of discharge (i.e., medication, therapy and length of stay etc.). Discharge models predicted 6–10% better than admission models. Discharge models correctly predicted whether GAF level was above 50 in 72% of the cases and return to preadmission functioning in 71% of the cases. We also created a model of functioning at discharge using a hierarchical logistic regression model. It correctly predicted 74% of the lowest level of functioning, 47% of the middle level and 68% of the highest level. The best predictors of improved functioning after discharge were preadmission levels of functioning, psychotherapy in hospital, absence of organic brain syndrome, attendance at occupational therapy and hospitalization less than 4 months. Diagnosis had almost no discernible effect on outcome of hospitalizat

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb08085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the use of unprescribed licit and illicit drugs and problematic drinking with reported depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviour in a nationwide general population sample of 4291 respondents aged 12 to 64. Depressive symptoms were detected by the use of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D). A higher proportion of respondents who have reported illicit drug use in their lifetime were found to be depressed with a>16 score in the CES‐D in all age groups and both sexes, than of the other categories of substance use. A multiple range test revealed 3 groups of substance users. The more frequent illicit drug users together with the problematic drinkers exhibited the higher average depressive symptoms scores. The 12‐month prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was found to be in accordance with the severity and frequency of substance consum

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb08086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Antisocial behaviour among adolescent suicide victims (44 males, 9 females) was investigated in a nationwide psychological autopsy study of suicides in Finland. The data were collected through interviews of the victims' relatives and attending health care personnel, and from official records. Antisocial behaviour was reported among 43% of the victims. Separation from parents, parental alcohol abuse and parental violence were common among male victims with antisocial behaviour. Their psychosocial adjustment was poor, and they had experienced severe stressors. Depressive disorders were common among all suicides, but male victims with antisocial behaviour had more often alcohol abuse and comorbid mental disorders compared with victims without antisocial behaviour. The results indicate a strong relatedness between adolescent suicide and antisocial behaviour. Recognition and treatment of manifest mental symptoms and evaluation of suicide risk among adolescents with antisocial behaviour and substance abuse is emphasized. Antisocial symptoms with relatively short duration and not severe enough to meet the criteria for actual antisocial disorders also need to be taken into account.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb08087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The incidence of somatization and sociodemographic, clinical and mental factors in 100 consecutive patients newly admitted to a neurological department was investigated. Forty percent of the neurological inpatients were somatizers; they reported higher levels of distress and hypochondriacal concerns and were more often considered as having significant mental disorders by the neurologists. The somatizers were similar to patients with organic symptoms with respect to sociodemographic factors, duration of and number of symptoms, mode of admission and earlier consultations of psychiatric or other specialists. Most of the patients with somatization only believed that psychological factors influenced their somatic symptoms. No sex differences were found except that female somatizers had shorter duration of admission.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb08088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Deinstitutionalization has shifted much of the burden of care of chronic schizophrenia from mental institutions to the family. The aim of this study is to asses the prevalence of mental disorders among 210 primary carers of Malay schizophrenic patients, explored the burden and hardship experienced by them. This is a two‐stage psychiatric screening procedure. All the cases suspected from initial screening with WHO Self‐Reporting Questionnaires (SRQ‐20) were called for clinical interview. Patients' behavioural problems and the burden of relatives were assessed by the Social Behaviour Schedule and the Interview Schedule respectively. It was found that about 23% of the carers developed neurotic disorders resulting from the stress; nearly half of them had neurotic depression. Despite their burden, they do not complaint about it. Neurotic carers compared with non‐neurotic carers had significantly more subjective burden and distress related to the product of active psychosis. The carers were generally able to tolerate the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The number of problem behaviours and previous admissions were significantly correlated with the severity of

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb08089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patients attending an inpatient phobia treatment program were diagnosed for DSM‐III‐R Axis I and II disorders, using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R Disorders, and completed a set of self‐report instruments. They were divided into 3 groups: (a) those who met the criteria for panic disorder with agoraphobia (n= 57), (b) those who met the criteria for agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder (n= 21), and (c) those who met criteria for other anxiety disorders, but not for panic/agoraphobia (n= 14). On Axis I, more of the panic with agoraphobia than of the agoraphobia without panic patients had obsessive‐compulsive disorder. On Axis II, no significant differences between the agoraphobic patients with and without panic occurred. However, the number of hysterical traits was related to the presence of panic disorder among the agoraphobic patients. Avoidant and dependent traits were related to sympt

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb08090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Swedish version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia (PANSS) has been tested and construct validity, internal reliability and interrater reliability have been demonstrated to be quite satisfactory. However, the interrater reliability of the negative symptoms was unsatisfactory low. In this study, the Swedish version of the Structured Clinical Interview for the PANSS has been tested. The interrater reliability is increased as compared with the inter‐rater reliability achieved by means of the PANSS. As concerns the positive scale, the intraclass coefficients increased to 0.98–0.99 with the SCID‐PANSS. For the negative scale, the intraclass coefficients increased to 0.83–0.90 with the SCID‐PANSS, and for the general scale the increase was to 0.95–0.98 with the SCID‐PANSS. It was also demonstrated that the interrater reliability is higher for the positive and the negative factors derived from the PANSS than for the positive and the ne

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb08091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Histories of obstetric complications (OCs) during pregnancy, labor‐delivery and the neonatal period were investigated by detailed maternal report for 23 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia, 10 MZ twin pairs concordant for schizophrenia and 7 normal MZ control pairs. Statistically significant differences in OC rates were found across these 3 groups, OCs being most frequent in discordant pairs and least frequent in normal control pairs. Labor complications were significantly more frequent in discordant than concordant pairs. Oc rates were equivalent in sick and well discordant twins. The results provide evidence for the role of OCs in the development of schizophrenia, complications at the time of birth being especially associated with the development of schizophrenia in discordant twin

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb08092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study 50 of 51 schizophrenic long‐term patients treated by a community‐based outpatient service were followed‐up for 2 years. Factors known to be relevant for rehospitalization were correlated with the rate of hospitalizations 1) in the past, 2) during the last year and 3) during the follow‐up period. We were particularly interested in the influence of the patient's age on readmission. In agreement with previous research, the results showed that the best predictor of future admissions was the number of previous hospitalizations. Age also has a high predictive value and correlates not only significantly with the hospitalization rates but also with other factors relevant for readmission such as drug compliance, antisocial behavior and suicidal risk. This, however, only partly explains the frequency of rehospitalization, as partial correlation shows. Although items concerning compliance were highly correlated with previous hospitalizations, they had less predictive value, contrary to the findings in the lit

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb08093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY