摘要:

ABSTRACT—This paper reviews the development of the concept of non‐endogenous mania from myth to psychiatry and on to today. The varieties of causable mania are examined and an attempt is made to bring together the evidence which has been growing in the last few years from research in various different areas. As a result, a bridge appears between organic and psychoanalytical conceptualizations of mania, which may have important consequences for the management of manic patients in the future. Mania emerges as part of the depressive process rather than as its oppos

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Thirty patients diagnosed by Nigerian Yoruba traditional healers as suffering from a condition termed “Ode Ori” are described. The chief complaints were of a crawling sensation in the head and body, noises in the ears, palpitations and various other somatic complaints. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were prominent in all the patients and indeed the most common DSM‐III diagnoses were of depressive and anxiety disorders. The significance of the disorder and its features is discussed in the context of the socio‐cultural background of the

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) treated successfully with electroconvulsive therapy (ETC) is described. Repeated exposures of the patients to succinylcholine during ECT did not cause malignant hyperthermia. The efficacy of ECT is probably related to its facilitatory effect upon dopamine (DA) activity in CN

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—One hundred psychiatric outpatients discharged from mental hospital in Kenya were studied to estimate the treatment compliance after 3 months. The relatives and patients were interviewed separately to assess treatment adherence; 55 percent of them had defaulted in their treatment. Various factors were responsible for failure of compliance which included amongst many: unavailability of drugs which appears to be a common factor in Third World countries. Suggestions for better compliance included easily available injectable depot preparations or simple generic psychotropic drug

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Appetite and/or weight loss are integral, albeit not necessary, symptoms of depression. We explored the contribution of diminished appetite and/or weight loss ascertained by history to the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical (HPA) axis dysregulation in 120 patients with primary major depressive disorder. Significant positive relationship for both appetite and weight loss with cortisol levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were observed. Plasma cortisol levels were consistently higher in patients who noted both appetite and weight loss as opposed to patients without appetite or weight loss. Depressed patients with weight loss showed higher rates of dexamethasone‐nonsuppression. Age and severity of depression influenced but did not eliminate the significance of the findings, suggesting that weight loss accounts in part for the HPA‐axis function changes observed in d

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Renal function in 32 patients treated with lithium for an average period of 10 years was reexamined 2 years after the first examination. A markedly influenced tubular function leading to increased urine volume (average 3 litres/24 h) and decreased renal concentrating capacity was still found, whereas glomerular function remained unimpaired in nearly all of the patients. No statistically significant changes in renal functions were observed at the follow‐up examination.The results were compared with the same renal functional tests obtained from a control group consisting of 53 patients with affective disorders never treated with lithium. The control group had a significantly lower urine output (average 2 litres/24 h), but lithium‐treated patients on a one‐dose schedule had an average urine volume of only 500 ml/24 h more than the controls.In conclusion, this prospective study found no evidence of a progressive impairment of glomerular or tubular function in lithium‐treated patients reexamined after 2 years. Patients with affective disorders never treated with lithium had normal renal concentrating

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Sixty middle‐aged urban women with a major depressive episode diagnosed in a community survey were compared with those 400 participants of the study who had no history of major depression. The study design is retrospective.The depressed women's parents had been in contact with psychiatric services twice as often as those of never depressed women. The rate of paternal alcoholism was however the same in both groups. As compared with the controls, women with major depression reported significantly more often frequent corporal punishment, poor relationship with mother, having been misunderstood by parents, and unhappy childh

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02786.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Twenty three out of 30 potential kidney donors were followed up after a period of 5–10 years. Fourteen were donors, and the other nine subjects who were refused from kidney donation on medical grounds constituted the control group (non‐donors). Psychiatric morbidity was assessed by using the Present State Examination (PSE) Interview Schedule. CATEGO‐ID Program identified one case in the donor group and one case in the non‐donor group. The psychiatric problems of both the cases were unlikely to be related to the kidney transplantation. The majority of the donors, irrespective of the outcome of the transplant procedure, expressed positive feelings towards kidney donation. This study suggests that the kidney donation does not cause long term adverse psychologica

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02787.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Thirteen male‐to‐female transsexuals were investigated 6 to 25 years after surgery. Thirty‐five prognostic items were compared with each of three outcome variables. Traumatic loss of both parents in infancy was connected with repentance at follow‐up. A childhood family of an overprotective mother and a distant father, on the other hand, was prognostically favourable. Contrary to most previous reports, high sexual activity and bisexual experience was associated with fair sexual adjustment and with non‐repentance after sex change. The repenting individuals, on the other hand, had been a‐sexual or hyposexual before surgery. Completed military service, a history of typically masculine, hard jobs, and a comparatively late (more than 30 years of age) first request for surgery, were found to be negative prognostic factors in sex‐reassignment evaluations. The phenomenon of ambivalence or hesitance during the trial period is discussed. Both too much and too little ambivalence may suggest a

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02788.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The differentiating power of two individually related measures of outcome, target complaints and psychiatrists’ evaluation of individually defined treatment objectives, were studied in two models of treatment planning, one with and one without active patient participation. Target complaints were measured at admission, after 5 days and at discharge. Treatment objectives were initially defined in written treatment contracts and evaluated at discharge. These measures were compared with patients’ self‐reported symptoms as well as with independently rated clinical symptoms at admission and discharge. Both target complaints and psychiatrists’ evaluations measured improvement during treatment. The differentiating power between the two experimental conditions was, however, much weaker than that of the symptom rating scales. The psychiatrists’ evaluations were strongly influenced by state at discharge and only to a minor extent by changes during treatment. It is concluded that symptom rating scales are superior to individualized measures of outcome in studies on a general psychiatric ward, possibly because the patients are fairly homogenous concern

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02789.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY