摘要:

AbstractThis article reviews the effects of psychological treatments specifically developed for depression. Promising and durable results have been reported for cognitive and interpersonal psychotherapies but also for behavioral psychotherapy, which has generated less research interest so far. The therapeutic effects seem to be equivalent and at least comparable to pharmacotherapy in mild to moderate depression.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the mortality rate of demented and nondemented subjects in a single cohort. We followed up a cohort of subjects comprising all 1259 inhabitants of Leiden aged 85 years and over, evaluated earlier for the presence of dementia, and including institutionalized subjects. The main outcome measure was the mortality rate ratio of the demented and nondemented groups adjusted for age and sex. The mortality rate ratio of the dementedvsthe nondemented group was 1.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.7–2.2). No difference in mortality rate was found between those with mildvsmoderate to severe dementia. The mortality rate in dementia patients is higher than in nondemented subject

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGeneralization of skills is a major problem in social skills training for schizophrenic patients. Assessment of skills is mostly not based on objective indices of specific skill deficits. The results of this study show that global competence of schizophrenics can be differentiated from specific competence. Global competence was found to be related to symptoms, whereas specific competence was not. No support was found for the assumption that social dysfunctions are caused by negative symptoms. Social perception and positive symptoms did explain a substantial part of the variance of global competence. It is therefore concluded that neither global incompetence nor negative symptoms should be used as an indication for social skills training.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData from the Tomsk Epidemiological Register and epidemiological family sample were used to study the relationship between schizophrenics’ reproductive behaviour (marital status and fertility rate), severity of ICD‐9 schizophrenia and risk of illness among relatives of probands. The results are interpreted in terms of multifactorial threshold and single monolocus models. Their importance for the interpretation of epidemiological data (a change of prevalence rate, cohort effect and clinical polymorphism) is discus

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a randomized cross‐over design, 7 patients with winter depression were treated with a week of a bright (1700 lx) dawn simulation (0400 to 0600) and a week of standard bright (1700 lx) morning (0600 to 0800) light therapy. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores decreased significantly for the standard light therapy (18.9 to 6.6) but not for the bright dawn therapy (18.0 to 11.3). Early morning awakening was a frequent side effect with the bright dawn simulation. Although dawn simulation at a lower illuminance may be an effective treatment, the bright dawn used in this study showed only a nonsignificant trend to lower depression ratings. The illuminance of dawn simulation should be adjusted to minimize side effect

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe main objective was to describe sex‐related differences in rates of nonidentifiedvsidentified problem drinking in 42‐year‐old Malmö residents. All 1264 women and 1368 men born in 1941 were invited to a health screening at the Preventive Medicine Section, Malmö General Hospital. Individuals registered at the Department of Alcohol Diseases because of problem drinking prior to screening (identified problem drinkers) were excluded and analyzed separately. Intervention in the remaining subjects was made if any of 3 sets of inclusion criteria was met. The sex ratios (female:male) of identified and nonidentified problem drinking were 1:4.1 and 1:2.8 respectively. Thus, nonidentified problem drinking is by and large proportional to identified problem drinking in both sexes, arguing against hidden drinking being an exclusively female phe

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03207.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article describes a comparison of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) diagnostic results and results based on clinicians’ observation of CIDI assessments. Psychiatrists scored a DSM‐III‐R criteria checklist either while observing or after administering 20 CIDI interviews. Overall diagnostic concordance between the checklist and CIDI diagnoses was found to be good (kappa = 0.78). Good diagnostic agreement was also found for 3 groups of DSM‐III‐R disorders: depressive disorders (kappa = 0.84), psychoactive substance use disorders (kappa = 0.83) and anxiety phobic disorders (kappa = 0.76). These results are consistent with the results from a similar comparison between the CIDI and checklist results for ICD‐1

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03208.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of antidepressants has been low in Jämtland County for many years, while the suicide rate has been among the highest in Sweden. A continuous outpatient prescription recording system has been in operation in Jämtland since 1970. Through this system we traced the prescription pattern of 80 individuals who committed suicide from 1970 to 1984. Suicide patients obtained 1.5 times more prescription drugs than 80 matched controls, mainly psychotropics and vitamins. During the 3 months prior to the suicide, half of the patients had received medical attention and 73% of the women and 40% of the men had obtained prescription drugs, in one‐third from the psychiatric department. While 53% and 29%, respectively, obtained psychotropic drugs, only 13% and 9% respectively were prescribed antidepressants, often in low doses. People who will commit suicide often seek medical help. The low rate of antidepressant prescription in patients committing suicide probably reflects insufficient diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders. It is urgent – for the individual as well as for society – that diagnostic and pharmacotherapeutic routines be i

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of suggestion on suicide is well established. However, the intrapsychic mechanisms of the contagion of suicides are poorly understood. In this article I first present the literature about suicide clustering and about projective identification. In the following clinical vignette I try to understand a patient's suicidal behaviour, referring to William Goldstein's clarifying model of projective identification. I aim to illustrate that his model has heuristic value in the treatment of suicidal patients when the effect of suggestion or identification is suspected.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe efficacy of fluvoxamine on cognitive functioning and behavioral changes was evaluated in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of 46 elderly demented patients. The patients had a DSM‐III diagnosis of primary degenerative dementia or multi‐infarct dementia and were aged ≥65 years. Twenty‐two patients were given 150 mg fluvoxamine per day and 24 received placebo tablets; 14 and 15 patients, respectively, completed 6 weeks of treatment. Within treatments, there were no significant changes in median scores on neuropsychological tests (picture recall and recognition, trail making and finger tapping) or the GBS scale scores (degrees of dementia) or GBS subscale score (clinical profiles, including symptoms common in dementia, motor, emotional and intellectual functioning). Between treatments, the median changes in psychometric test scores did not differ significantly. However, within and between treatments, there were trends favoring fluvoxamine on symptoms common in dementia (confusion, irritability, anxiety, fear‐panic, mood level and restlessness). In conclusion, the study does not support the hypothesis that fluvoxamine improves cognitive functioning or behavioral changes in elderly deme

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03211.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY