摘要:

Forty‐eight female patients with the diagnosis of senile dementia and 20 elderly healthy women were studied concerning thresholds for orienting responses to intermittent light, the eyelid reflex, and hand withdrawal on electrical pain stimulation.A U‐shaped relationship between degree of mental deterioration and reflex thresholds was predicted from two assumptions: (1) that reflex thresholds are progressively increased following the general blunting of cognitive processes, and (2) that active inhibition of certain overt behaviour takes place in patients with little deterioration (as well as in healthy people). The U‐shaped relationship was only obtained for the eyelid reflex, and support was only obtained in connection with the orienting response for the assumption that some active inhibition of overt behaviour normally takes place.A further hypothesis was that thresholds for protective‐defensive reflexes would not be substantially increased in the most deteriorated cases. This expectation was confirmed only for the hand withdrawal reflex.It is concluded that for the orienting response and for the eyelid reflex there is some relation, although the form is unclear and a rationale is lacking, between the thresholds and degree of mental deterioration. It is further concluded that the threshold for the hand withdrawal reflex is unrelated to the degree of mental deterioration.The inertia of the senile demented patients is stressed as well as their undifferentiated reactions. It is suggested that cognitive defects may partly explain these defic

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two patients suffering from anorexia nervosa for many years who wished to gain weight were treated successfully with lithium carbonate.One patient gained 12 kg and the other 9 kg within 6 weeks. The weight‐gain was maintained for a year of follow‐up with lithium maintenance ther

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty patients showing signs of mental deterioration were submitted to a neuropsychological battery before and after treatment with gangliosides. Their performances were compared, in a double‐blind study, with those obtained on the same tests by 30 patients affected by similar degrees of dementia and treated with placebo. The improvement shown on Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and on Immediate Visual Memory by the active group was significantly higher than that shown by the placebo group. Furthermore, an evaluation of the overall effect of gangliosides therapy showed a highly significant difference between the active and placebo group, still in favour of the subjects treated with gangliosides. It is concluded that gangliosides may exert a positive effect in the treatment of demential syndrome

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Genetic linkage was studied in pure depressive disease, a subgroup of unipolar depression defined by absence of familial alcoholism and/or antisocial personality. Rigorous research criteria were used for diagnosis and the diagnoses were made blind, i.e. without the knowledge of the genetic marker results. Under the assumptions of full penetrance and of all examined individuals' having passed the risk period, two out of eight families investigated showed a possibility of linkage, using the lod score method, with the Group‐ Specific Component (Gc protein) locus, one of the 17 polymorphic markers tested. The results, being based on a small amount of data, are presented as a hypothesis only; important possible implications for Psychiatry, however, indicate the desirability of testing the hypothesi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pipamperone was compared double‐blindly with placebo to evaluate its capacity to relieve sleep disorders in 40 depressive inpatients. At the end of the 1‐week trial, most of the items relating to sleep disturbances had improved significantly in the 24 patients of the pipamperone group whereas only a few items showed such a change in the control group. On the Hamilton depression scale, improvement in the pipamperone patients was also superior to that in the placebo group as regards the items “depressed mood” and “insight”. The adequate median daily dose of pipamperone appeared to be 80 mg

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eleven male, chronic schizophrenic, hospitalized patients, treated with a constant dose of clozapine (range 200–600 mg daily) as their only neuroleptic medication were studied for a long period of time (minimum 12 weeks). Wide variations in the plasma concentration of clozapine were found in different patients who received the same oral dose, as well as great changes from week to week in the individual patient given a constant dose. The plasma levels of clozapine appeared to have no correlation with either the clinical effect or the side effects. No differences with regard to coagulation factors were found between the patients and the control

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A detailed account is given of the course and outcome of the treatment with LSD of an incapacitating compulsive‐neurotic condition in a 30‐year‐old male. The treatment took place over 1 1/2 years from the autumn of 1962, and the patient, who has been followed since then, is completely cured symptomatically. In addition, a fortunate change in his general personality has taken place. The events during the LSD sessions revealed the basic elements of a development of his personality since early childhood, particularly the toilet‐training period, which resulted in a typical compulsive character neurosis. In turn, this character neurosis became the matrix for the outbreak of his manifest neurotic compulsions which began 4 years before the onset of treatment. The material which emerged was in complete accordance with Freudian theory.No interpretations were given. While under the action of the drug the patient was left alone except for brief visits by the doctor or the nurse. He was free to call them if his anxiety became too strong for him to cope with alone. Besides, he had the support of reporting his experiences to the doctor after the LSD‐effect had worn off and discussing them during interviews between the LSD days, still without interpretations being given to him.Practical details of procedure are reported. The necessary caution in employing LSD for treatment purposes, especially the selection of patients, is emphasized: theoretical implications of the psychological material and the course of the curative process are

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a double‐blind study among six patients suffering from endogenous depression, three patients received Thyrotropin‐Releasing Hormone (TRH) administered orally in doses of 20 mg three times a day for 3 weeks. In an open controlled study of three patients suffering from endogenous depression, two patients received oral TRH 20 mg four times a day for 2 weeks. Degree of depression according to Hamilton's Rating Scale measured during the study showed that TRH had no antidepressant effect. Thyroxine concentration in serum (T4) increased during the period of TRH treatm

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a cross‐over study in 10 subjects, rapidly dissolving coated lithium carbonate tablets and medium‐slow‐release lithium sulphate tablets were compared. Both preparations were administered twice a day. They gave similar post‐absorptive concentrations of lithium in plasma and similar standard deviations of these concentrations. The medium‐slow‐release tablets gave smaller increases of lithium in plasma, and postponed the absorption peaks. They also gave less interindividual variation of lithium in plasma during the first few hours after adm

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Side effects with coated, rapidly dissolving lithium carbonate tablets, medium‐slow‐release and slow‐release lithium sulphate tablets, all administered twice a day, were compared in a double‐blind, cross‐over study in 27 patients who had only used lithium carbonate tablets. The relation between medication and meals was not standardized. The rapidly dissolving tablets and the medium‐slow‐release tablets had a similar tendency to produce side effects, while slow‐release tablets more often produced purgative side effects than the other two p

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY