摘要:

ABSTRACT–For many years a possible conjoint physical and psychological cyclicity among women has been discussed. To date there has been no biological explanation for psychological cyclicity. Attempts to treat negative psychological symptoms during the premenstrual phase by pharmacological means have not been significantly superior to placebo. The psychological viewpoint stresses that the repetitive confrontation with often conflicting material during the premenstrual phase must be seen in light of the development and integration of the personality. This process occurs by identification with the mother, and premenstrual symptoms can be seen as reflecting problems with feminine self‐acceptance and self‐esteem. The attributional explanation where women's negative but not positive moods are seen as biological could further affect women's self‐esteem. Important scientific problems regarding the study of cyclical moods and behavior, the description of a baseline, the validity of self‐reports and the soundness and validity of questionnaires often used, remain

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02519.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–A study of menstrual cycle phase on the day of acute admission to a psychiatric hospital for 121 women aged 20–39 showed an unequal distribution of admissions. More admissions than expected took place in the menstrual period, and correspondingly fewer intermenstrually. The difference was significant, and points to a certain degree of cyclicity in female psychiatric disturbance. This cyclicity was not significantly influenced by age, diagnosis, oral contraceptives or tendency for premenstrual symptoms. In the age group 20–39 one and a half times as many men as women are admitted to Danish psychiatric departments. Thus, in view of a common baseline, the most conspicuous feature is, that remarkably few women were admitted intermenstr

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02520.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–A homogeneous group of 153 Merchant Marine Officers were analysed on Seafarers’ Mental Health Questionnaire (SMHQ) to evaluate their mental health state. The confidential reports of the officers relating to their job performance were scrutinised to determine the level of job efficiency. Individuals obtaining more than the mean effective percentage score were allotted to the high‐efficiency group and those obtaining less, to the low‐efficiency group. The results obtained show significant mean differences on almost all the mental health dimensions except sexual satisfaction, thus revealing that the job efficiency of seafarers is influenced by different aspects of mental health adju

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02521.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Seizure duration in unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was recorded by means of EEG in an intraindividual comparison of etomidate (dissolved in a soy‐bean oil emulsion) 0.3 mg/kg and Althesin (alphaxalone 9 mg and alphadolone 3 mg/ml) 0.6 mg/kg with methohexitone 1 mg/kg body weight. The patients were intubated and alveolar CO2‐ and O2‐concentrations kept constant at 3% (3 kPa) and 92% (92 kPa) respectively. Seizure duration was the same when either etomidate or methohexitone were used, whereas Althesin significantly shortened seizure duration in comparison with methohexitone. Local pain on injection and a subsequent superficial thrombophlebitis occurred frequently with methohexitone. This did not occur with etomidate or A

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02522.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–To investigate whether it is indicated to make a shift to bilateral technique when the first 6–10 unilateral ECT treatments have produced no improvement in patients with endogenous depression, a retrospective study was made concerning 61 patients 34 of whom (group U) continued with unilateral treatment while in 27 (group UB) a shift was made to bilateral technique. No significant differences were found between the groups with regard to final therapeutic result, only a tendency to better effect in the first mentioned group. This tendency can be explained by the somewhat higher age in this group. The duration of seizures, administration of benzodiazepines, as well as treatment with antidepressive drugs, were equal in the groups, which were thus comparable. It is concluded that since bilateral ECT may severely impair memory for weeks or months the patients should not be stressed by a change to this techni

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02523.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–As a part of a broad endocrine testing of patients with affective disorders the 24 h serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH) were investigated and correlated to the clinical history and disease symptoms. Thirty‐two patients with the research diagnostic criteria of major depressive disorder were investigated. Twenty‐six of these patients were reinvestigated in a state of full or partial clinical remission. Nine patients with unipolar and eight patients with bipolar affective disorders were also investigated in clinical remission. The control group comprised 32 healthy subjects. The results showed significantly lower 24 h serum levels of TSH and less variability of TSH levels during the 24 h period in the group with acute major depression compared with the controls. The 24 h serum levels of TSH normalized during clinical remission. Different subtypes of depression, different clusters of symptoms and severity of depression did not significantly correlate with the 24 h serum levels of TSH. There were also no significant correlations between abnormalities of the dexamethasone suppression test or nightly melatonin levels and the 24 h serum levels of TSH. The lower TSH levels seen in acute major depression could not be correlated to increased or decreased levels of peripheral thyroid hormones. The mechanism of the decreased 24 h serum levels of TSH is unclear. One possibility is an altered sensitivity in the thyrotrophs of the pitu

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02524.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The principal reason for this epidemiological study was the lack of psychiatric morbidity studies in a predominantly urban population, by psychiatrists in direct interviews. The psychiatric examination, covering 1970–71, included a representative selection of 2,283 persons, 18–65 years old from “former” Stockholm County, and the 12‐month prevalence of mental disorders was measured. The total of non‐participants was 12%. Forty‐seven percent had a psychiatric diagnosis ‐ significantly more women (54%) than men (40%). Excluding the psychosomatic diagnoses, 31% of the population received a psychiatric diagnosis, which agrees closely with other contemporary studies of mental disorder in the Nordic countries. The primary diagnoses were: neuroses 26%, psychosomatic diagnoses 16%, schizophrenic/paranoid conditions or other psychoses 0.6%, affective disorders 0.2%, psychoorganic syndromes 1.2%, psychopathy 0.2%, character neurosis 1%, drug dependence 0.2% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 0.6%), alcoholism 1.4% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 3.1%) and mental retardation 0.4% (as a primary or a secondar

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02525.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The prevalence of mental disorders in a representative sample of old people in Gothenburg, Sweden, was studied at 70, 75 and 79. The study comprised 392 subjects at 70, 302 subjects at 75 and 203 at 79. A case was defined by cut‐off points on symptom and sign rating scales, and diagnoses were defined operationally as closely as possible to the ICD‐classification. The total psychiatric morbidity was 21.9, 24.2 and 31.0% in the three age groups. The prevalence of schizophrenic and paranoid syndromes was 0.5, 1.7 and 2.5% and of affective disorders 1.0, 2.3 and 0.5%. The prevalence of dementias of psychotic degree was 1.3, 2.3 and 6.9% and of asthenic neuroses corresponding to dementias of mild‐moderate degree 2.3, 4.0 and 9.4%. The prevalence of anxiety, depressive and obsessive‐compulsive neuroses of moderate‐severe degree was 6.6, 4.6 and 3.9% and of mild degree 7.9, 6.0 and 5.9%. The prevalence of active alcoholism in men was 4.2, 3.4 and 3.0% and in women 0.0% in all age groups. Current treatment was reported by 67–85% of subjects with psychoses, about one half of them in psychiatric services, and by 35–65% of subjects with neuroses, about one fifth of them in psych

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02526.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The effect of steady state therapeutic theophylline serum levels on lithium clearance was investigated. A significant increase in lithium clearance occurred with the administration of theophylline. Despite considerable intersubject variability, a direct lithium clearance estimation method demonstrated a mean increase of 30% with the addition of theophylline. The concomitant use of lithium and theophylline potentially may alter lithium levels sufficiently to result in manic or depressive relapses in patients receiving lithium prophylacticall

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02527.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Trihexyphenidyl, a synthetic anticholinergic, is frequently used concurrently with neuroleptics to control extrapyramidal side effects. We present two case reports of trihexyphenidyl abuse which concur with the increasing concern expressed regarding the abuse potential of trihexyphenidyl. In one of the cases a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled withdrawal was conducted and monitored on a number of physiological parameters and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. A recognizable withdrawal syndrome followed discontinuation of the drug. In addition to the abuse potential it is suggested that dependence liability be considered in maintenance therapy with trihexyphenidyl and other antiparkinso

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY