摘要:

Neuroleptic drugs were gradually reduced from 25 hospitalized chronic schizophrenics while 23 such patients were maintained on matched dosages of neuroleptics. At the end of 15 weeks, 74% of the drug‐reduced subjects and 80% of the drug‐maintained subjects were rated to have decompensated. Drug‐reduced patients decompensated while receiving a mean of 75 mg equivalent of chlorpromazine. Clinical stability was obtained at 150 mg equivalent of chlorpromazine. Twenty‐six percent of the drug‐reduced patients showed no signs of clinical relapse at the end of the 15‐week trial and were receiving a mean of 8 mg equivalent of chlorpromazine. The results suggest that gradual and successive reductions in maintenance antipsychotic drugs can be implemented with minimal risk to the clinical status of the chronic men

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of patients with schizophrenia, initially 67 patients, was studied over a period of 3 years. After three years 36 out of 67 patients were still on the same depot neuroleptic. The main aim was to describe and compare maintenance neuroleptic therapy using two depot neuroleptics, fluphenazine decanoate and pipotiazine palmitate, given monthly.Before the outpatient care the patients had participated in the department's comprehensive hospital treatment including depot neuroleptic medication. After a 1‐year clinical trial with frequent assessments of the patients, significant symptom reductions were found on all rating scales. During the last 2 years of the study only drug therapy was given. Improvement concerning social function in the community and work level as well as the low‐rated psychopathology noted at the start of study also persisted at the 3‐year follow‐up. The side effects were low in frequency and quality.These results show the clinical value of long‐term maintenance treatment with depot neuroleptics. The results also confirm that the favourable effects of the hospital treatment demonstrated before the start of the clinical trial could be maintained. The possibilities of further improving aftercare and outpatient treatment beyond medication alone are

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of patients, initially 67 individuals, with chronic schizophrenia were studied on repeated occasions during 1 year and followed up after 3 years. The patients were given depot neuroleptics, either fluphenazine decanoate or pipotiazine palmitate, at intervals of 1 month. The symptom scores from three rating scales were subjected to factor analysis. Four factors were found to explain the variance satisfactorily: one comprising psychopathological symptoms specific for schizophrenia, one relating to contact disturbances, one psychomotor activity and one representing neurotic symptoms. Analysis of these factors revealed certain differences between the treatment groups over time and demonstrated the effect of combination of psychotherapy and neuroleptic drugs in a subgroup of patients. This type of analysis of treatment results might contribute to improving our knowledge of rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients and help us to draw up guidelines for selection of suitable measures.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The bone mineral content (BMC) together with biochemical indices of calcium metabolism were measured in 83 manic‐depressive patients on long‐term lithium therapy. The patients were diagnosed and divided into a unipolar and a bipolar group according to strict symptomatic course criteria.The patients with bipolar course had a significantly decreased BMC (88% of normal, P>0.001), while the unipolar patients had normal BMC. Both groups had biochemical changes consistent with primary hyperparathyroid

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The census study in 1972, including all Danish Psychiatric institutions, was the fourth in a series, the first being performed in 1957.In the 15‐year period from 1957 to 1972 the total number of hospitalized psychiatric patients, including day‐patients, has been almost unchanged, about 240–260 per 100,000 population. There have, however, been marked changes within the resident population. The hospital prevalence of schizophrenia has gradually decreased from 132 to 97 per 100,000 males and from 140 to 86 per 100,000 females. The decrease concerns all age groups over 35 years and is especially pronounced in females aged 35–54. In young males there has been a remarkable increase during the last 5‐year period. In 1957 the schizophrenic patients constituted 62% of the male and 57% of the female patients, compared with 43% and 30%, respectively, of the patients in 1972. The downward trend which was practically linear during the first two 5‐year periods slowed down during the third period but was still quite marked for the middle‐aged and old groups.The patients with organic disorders (especially senile and cerebrovascular psychoses) and with reactive conditions have increased in absolute numbers as well as in rates per 100.0

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The literature concerning the motivation for corss‐dressing in heterosexual transvestism is briefly reviewed. Thirty‐three members of a club estiblished for hetersexual transvestities were interviewed. The sensations they derived fro cross‐dressing and the importance of compulsive and nacissistic aspects in their transvestite behaviour were assessed and compared with those reported by 24 transsexual subjects.While cross‐dressed, transvesitite and transsexula subjects frequently reorted feeling relaxed, comfortable and relieved of masculine demands. Transvestite subjects showed significantly more compulsive and nacrissistic aspects in their transvestite behaviour than transsexula subjects. Fetishistic pleasure was infrequently given as a motivation for cross

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The significance of endorphins, endogenous morphine‐like agents, in some psychiatric disorders was investigated. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid were taken by lumbar puncute from healthy volunteers and from patients with schizophrenic, manic‐depressive and puerperal psychosis and analyzed for two major fractions of endorphins (Fractions I and II).In 19 healthy volunteers the levels of the two fracstions fell within a fairly narrow range. In constrast, six out of nine drug‐free and symptom‐rich schizophrenics showed elevated levels of Fracstion I, which returned to normal or slightly supranormal values after treatment with neuroleptics or propranolol. This decrement was paralleled by a clinical improvement in four of six responding patients.In four manic‐depressive patients, serial samples of cerebrospinal fluid revelaed elevated endorphin levels, particularly Fraction I during the manic stage. In three out of four patients with puerperal psychosis, the levels of endorphins (either Fraction I or II) were elevated in the acute drug‐free stage. During a later symjptomfree stage, after treatment with ECT and/or neuroleptics, the endorphin levles were within the normal range.The present data lend credit to the hypothesis that endorphins are involved in some psychotic states i

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two series of first adissions ‐ mental hospital patients from the years 1964–67 ‐ have been followed up after 5–8 year with regard to social prognosis, and (in male index cases) heredity. One group was, according to case records of the first stay, diagnosed as surfering from classical, regressive schizophrenia (n= 56), with all seemingly atypical cases excluded. A second group (n= 54) had exhibited the picture of non‐regressive (pseudoneurotic) schizophrenia.A detailed account of the syptomatology of non‐regressive schizophrenia is presented, with special emphasis laid on the phenomenon of paraoxysmal or enduring, increased perceptual intensity, or dishabituation of various modalities of subjective experience, incluiding audition, smell, exprience of cutaneous pressure, motor feedback, vision, and stream of thought. No signs of objecttive motor disturbance or of regressive congnitive functioning (dominance of primary process, predicative and autistic thinking, condensation) and other schizopohrenic signs among those given byKraepelin, Bleuler, and Scheniderwere present during the first stay in these states.Comparisons between the two groups have similar distribution as to age at first admission, sex, and social functioning at follow‐up. Marriage rate for each sex and fertility were similarly low. The age‐corrected incidence of regressive schizophrenia among first degree relatives of the male non‐regressive index cases (n= 32) was 1.6% (parents) and 8.3% (sibs), all secondary cases of mental disease (n= 6) having fallen ill before the adission of the respective index cases. No first degree relatives of the regressive schizophrenic index cases had been treated for mental illness. Therefore, possible sources of threshold and diagnostic bias are discussed. Relatives of an extended group (n= 87) of regressive schizophrenia during the same sampling period showed the risk figures 1.8% (parents) and 50% (sibs).The similarity of age and sex distributions, and of social prognosis in classical schizophrenic cases as compared with non‐regressive ones from a parallel series, as well as the hereditary pattern of the non‐regressive males are taken as indicants of a nosological identity between the two diagnostic groups, in spite of thier differing clinical pictures during their i

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY