摘要:

The effects of reduced auditory feedback were investigated using an accurately calibrated binaudal pure tone producer on 27 stuttering children and 68 non‐stuttering controls.A comparison was made of both auditory hearing and discomfort thresholds in the two groups; the hearing thresholds did not differ between the groups. The results did however replicate an earlier finding which suggested that stutterers have a lower threshold for auditory discomfort than do normal speakers, and showed that fluency is inversely related to auditory feedback.The discussion suggests that a necessary cause of stuttering is a physiological abnormality in side‐tone conduction and central process

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using a Lovibond flexible fibro‐optic tintometer, no differences of skin pigmentation were found between chronic male schizophrenic patients untreated with phenothiazines, and non‐schizophrenics. No differences were found between chronic male schizophrenics receiving phenothiazines and those not so treated. This latter comparison may however be questioned on the grounds that the treatment had consisted not of chlorpromazine alone (which is particularly associated with pigmentation), but of a variety of drugs, including fluphenazine. An ideal, chronically treated group proved impossible to assemble.No support is thus provided for the hypothesis proposed by Greiner&Nicholson linking the supposed chemical basis of schizophrenia with pigmentat

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A double‐blind, intra‐individual cross‐over comparison of the effect of piracetam on retrograde memory impairment as measured by the KS memory test battery was performed in connection with second and third Bi‐ECT in 18 inpatients diagnosed as suffering from depression. The seizure duration and the post‐ECT EEG patterns were examined visually and the post‐ECT confusion time was measured. Piracetam was given orally in the dose of 4.8 g/day for 3 days. No significant effects were obtained on memory scores, electrical stimulus duration, EEG pattern or post‐ECT confusion time. The findings may indicate that the protective effect of piracetam shown in animal electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) is due to a counteraction of the disturbing effect of hypoxia on memory functions. It is concluded that more information is needed as regards the pharmacokinetics and the mode of actio

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The results of a study on the prevalence of mental diseases and abnormalities among a geographically well‐defined group of 70‐year‐olds, all living in nine suburbs of Copenhagen, are submitted and discussed.The total psychiatric morbidity was found to be 15.5 %; 6.4 % suffered from psychoses, males preponderating, and 7.4 % were classified as “neuroses + personality disorders”, females preponderating. Only 15 % of the psychotic group were institutionalised.Of the entire material, 5 % were demented, and this included 1.6 % patients who were severely demented. There was a definite preponderance of males. Of the population, 2.6 % were living in their homes with senile or arteriosclerotic dementia. About 1 % of the population were looked after in their homes despite severe dementia of varying geneses.Hidden morbidity, meaning that the proband had neither been institutionalised nor had consulted a doctor for mental illness within the past 5 years, made up 15 % of the psychotic group and 19.2 % of the group “neuroses + personality disorders + alcoholism”. The total hidden morbidity constituted 2.6 % of the population or 16.5 % of the demonstrated psychiatric morbidity.The prevalence findings are on the whole on a level with those reported from other studies, most of which have been concerned with population groups over 65

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The investigation concerned 100 patients with endogenous depression treated with ECT, 52 unilaterally on the non‐dominant hemisphere, and 48 bilaterally. A double‐blind investigation of the therapeutic effect and the effect on memory and on EEG was carried out. With unilateral treatment, mainly diffuse and same‐sided EEG changes appeared, while with bilateral treatment mainly diffuse and left‐sided changes occurred. Bilateral treatment led to significantly more EEG changes than did unilateral treatment. For both groups there was a tendency to greater changes after the last than after the sixth treatment.At termination of treatment, a significantly better therapeutic effect was found in cases where EEG changes appeared, especially severe EEG changes. This applied to the total material but not to the groups of unilaterals and bilaterals taken separately.In the entire material after the first six treatments, the greatest representation of patients with unchanged and imparied memory was found in cases with deteriorated EEG compared to cases with no EEG deterioration. After the entire series of ECT, this correlation no longer was present. After separation of the patients into unilaterals and bilaterals it was not present at any of the stages.In the bilateral group, ECT treatment gave more frequent and stronger EEG changes among the older than among the younger patients. For the unilateral group, there was no comparable difference.The number of weak seizures was significantly greater among the unilaterals than among the bilaterals. The therapeutic effect was not correlated to the number of weak seizures, but the number of weak seizures was positively correlated to the number of treatments applied.It was concluded that the therapeutic effect of ECT is positively correlated to the incidence and degree of EEG changes, while the positive correlation between therapeutic effect and age observed in previous investigations did not appear to have a consistent relationship to the appearance of EEG changes. The EEG findings support the contention that unilateral treatment may be considered to have a gentler action on the brain. The importance of obtaining sufficiently strong universal seizures is emphasised, since the treatment otherwise can be less effective unless a greater number of treatments are

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The behaviour and heart rate of autistic children were simultaneously videorecorded in a standard situation. Normal children of two age‐groups were also studied. It was found that the heart rate of the autists was characteristically highly variable and more so than that of normal children of the same age or younger. This variability (arrhythmia) however, was behaviour‐dependent in all children involvement in a task resulting in suppression of the arrhythmia. It was at a maximum in the autists during the performance of stereotyped behaviours. The functional implications of these behaviour‐heart rate associations are disc

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Wider, F.: Psychoactive drugs including combinations. Psychoaktive Stoffe und Kombi‐nationspräparate. Substances psychoactives et préparations combinées. With a preface by W. Pöldinger.Glossary of mental disorders and guide to their classification for use in conjunction with the International Classification of DiseasesTölle. R.: Zigaretteauauchen. Zur Psychologie und Psychopathologie des Rauchers.Marmorale, A. M.&F. Brown: Mental health intervention in the primary grades.Angst, J.,&T. Dinkelkamp: Die somatische Therapie der Schizophrenie. Literatur der Jahre 1966–72.Ban, T. A. et al.: Psychopharmacology, sexual disorders and dr

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY