摘要:

Ten patients with manic psychosis were compared with 20 normal subjects with respect to their ratings of emotional meaning in music. As stimulus two pieces of music for a small symphony orchestra were used. These were structurally identical but performed at two different tempos: slow and fast. The change in tempo was found to lead to dissimilar consequences in emotional experience in the two groups studied. In normal subjects an increased tempo led to the experience of more tension, while in manic psychotics this was associated with an experience of more gaiety. The pattern of ratings constitutes further evidence that temporal relations are of importance hi the psychopathology of mania.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00825.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The short‐acting hypnotic, triazolam 0.5 mg, was compared in a 7‐day double‐blind study with the longer acting drug, nitrazepam 5 mg. Of the 60 patients enrolled, 29 in each drug treatment group completed the study and were evaluated.All significant differences found favoured triazolam. On the first night, triazolam was found to be significantly more effective than nitrazepam in inducing and maintaining sleep and in increasing its overall duration. The patients' subjective preference, reflecting the depth of sleep experienced and the effect of the medication, reached highly significant levels in favour of triazolam. Later in the study the differences between the drugs disappeared although the depth of sleep as judged in the study was better with tria

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00826.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A neuropsychological Mental Deterioration Battery (MDB) was used to identify deterioration profiles of 43 patients afflicted with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) (n= 18) or other forms of dementia (n= 25). The NPH patients submitted to a shunt‐intervention (n= 10) were also evaluated after surgery. A comparison of profiles, obtained from the experimental and control groups, shows that NPH patients seem to be more impaired in tests designed to detect frontal lobe involvement. Some implications of the relatively greater impairment of frontal functions in NPH dementia are discusse

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00827.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 10‐day random double‐blind study on the effect of bromocriptine versus placebo in severe alcohol‐withdrawal symptoms was conducted in 60 alcoholics. The effect of bromocriptine – a dopamine agonist – was significantly better than placebo in ameliorating the following symptoms: anxiety, restlessness, depression, tremor, sweating and nausea as well as the total score of these symptoms. Also in the evaluation of specific symptoms according to a symptom check list of psychiatric, behavioural and social aspects, and in a global evaluation, bromocriptine was clearly superior to placebo. Serum prolactin studied on the first and tenth day of the survey showed a significant increase occurring in the placebo‐treated patients. Side effects related to the use of bromocriptine were negligible.Our findings support recent experimental evidence that alcohol‐withdrawal symptoms, at least in part, are related to a transient dopaminergic dysfunction

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00828.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patterns of care by extended and nuclear families for their patients were studied in relation to 540 Arab schizophrenic outpatients in Qatar. The extended family differs from the nuclear family not only in its larger size but also in the greater emotional commitment of its members to each other's well being. The extended family is more tolerant of patients' minor behavioural abnormalities and temporary protective withdrawals. It is more helpful in the supervision of patients' medication and their social adjustment and leisure‐time occupation. Being more traditionally oriented, the extended family helps patients to understand their illness experiences in terms of cultural belief systems once they lose the components that cannot be contained in these systems. Extended family members are less likely than nuclear family members to tax the patients' emotional resources and limited repertoire of social skill

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00829.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The benzodiazepine/GABA (gammaaminobutyric acid) receptor complex was investigated during severe ethanol intoxication and withdrawal in the rat. The intragastric intubation technique was used to establish physical ethanol dependence in the animals. Cerebral cortex from male Wistar rats was studied 1) after 3 1/2 days of severe ethanol intoxication, 2) during the ethanol withdrawal reaction and 3) in a control group.The effect of GABA‐ergic activation by muscimol and THIP (4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxazole(5,4‐c)pyridin‐3‐01) on3H‐diazepam binding was unchanged during ethanol intoxication and withdrawal, as was the affinity constant (KD) and the maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) for3H‐flunitrazepam. In conclusion, the benzodiazepine/GABA receptor complex is unlikely to play any causal part in physical ethan

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00830.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred and thirty‐three patients with anorexia nervosa have been treated in a prospective study from 1958 to 1976. The doctor and the patient alone formed the therapeutic team, the doctor playing the role as an instructor in the pathophysiology of hunger without discussing social or psychological problems. At follow‐up 58 % of the patients were grouped as ‘good’, and 28 % as ‘intermediate’, figures which are in accordance with those obtained from other authors. Fourteen per cent of the patients were grouped as ‘poor’. None of the patients died. That therapists with different attitudes to treatment may obtain fairly similar results strengthens our view of a strong tendency to spontaneous recovery in anorexia nervosa. The outlook for patients with a short history of anorexia ner

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00831.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In recent discussions on euthanasia the question about mercy killing without consent of mentally ill persons has turned up, particularly in cases of hopeless suffering among senile or chronically insane patients. Possible analogies to the actions under the German Naziregimen and relations to the concept of Social Darwinism with suggestions about active eugenic control as propagated in the early part of this century are outlined in a historical review. The implications and obvious dangers of misuse of any such kind of active euthanasia in psychiatry are discussed on this background.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00832.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Plasma catecholamines and heart rate were determined in drug‐free groups of anxious patients and normal controls before and 20 min after intramuscular injection of 0.01 mg/kg of 1/1000 diluted epinephrine. Levels of anxiety after the injection were determined via the State Anxiety Scale of State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Both groups showed substantial increases in plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine and heart rate after the injection. However, there were no significant differences between anxious patients and controls on plasma catecholamines and heart rate before or after the injection and post injection levels of State Anxiety. The anxious subjects showed a significant correlation between post injection heart rate and State Anxiet

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00833.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

EEG was studied in SO chronic alcoholics (age 45 ± 10 years). All EEGs were classified visually. In addition, a manual analysis from a fronto‐central (F3‐C3or F4‐C4) lead and a temporo‐occipital (T5‐O1or T6‐O2) lead was done in 42 cases to obtain the mean frequency of the 6–12 Hz band.The visual classification correlated well with the frequency analysis in the anterior (rs = ‐0.57,P<0.001) and in the posterior (rs = 0.61,P<0.001) leads and there was a high positive correlation between the frontal and occipital lead (r = 0.88,P<0.001). Half of the records were abnormal. There was a significantly higher proportion of abnormal EEGs in the youngest and oldest patient groups compared with the remainder. EEG‐abnormality was significantly related to early start of abuse (before 25 years,P<0.05). The findings suggest that alcohol abuse in the teens or early twenties is accompanied by a considerably greater risk of brain damage than alcoholism beginning after 25. However, an alternative explanation, i.e. that the EEG abnormality may represent cerebral dysfunction predisposing to alcoholi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00834.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY