ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The association between disqualifications in parental and family communication and manifest anxiety in boys (7 or 10 years) was investigated. The sample consisted of 59 families where one of the parents had previously been hospitalized for a functional mental disorder. Parental and family communication was observed in the Couples Rorschach (CR) and Family Rorschach (FR) tasks, respectively. The results showed that the amount of one particular type of disqualification, self‐disqualification, correlated positively with the boy's anxiety level. Self‐disqualification refers to utterances in which the speaker communicates in vague, egocentric or paradoxical ways, which makes it impossible for the receiver to know what has been said. This correlation was evident both with respect to the communication between the parents during CR and the communication from the family to the index boy during FR. The relationship between self‐disqualification and anxiety was attributable to neither the boy's age or intelligence quotient nor the dimensions of parental psychopathology or functional impai

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) effect and erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKA) in a group of 28 patients admitted to a psychiatric emergency ward because of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome were compared with the TPP effect and ETKA in a control group of 20 healthy nonalcoholic volunteers. The patients were treated with 300 mg thiamine 3 times daily as intramuscular injections, and the TPP effect and ETKA were measured after 1 and 4 days of treatment. No difference was found between the patient group and the control group with regard to the TPP effect and ETKA and no decline in the TPP effect was found in the patient group after 4 days of intensive treatment with thiamine. ETKA increased with intensive thiamine treatment, which suggests that ETKA is a sensitive indicator of thiamine deficiency. Serum magnesium, which is a cofactor for thiamine pyrophosphate, decreased significantly with the disappearance of alcohol from the blood in patients with high initial blood alcohol levels, but this shift did not interfere with biological thiamine activity.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence of anxiety disorders was studied in a sample of 20 monozygotic (MZ) and 29 dizygotic (DZ) co‐twins of anxiety disorder probands. A comparison group of co‐twins of 12 MZ and 20 DZ twin probands with other non‐psychotic mental disorders was also studied. All subjects were personally interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R Axis I (SCID‐I). Panic disorder was significantly more prevalent in co‐twins of panic probands. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was more prevalent in co‐twins of GAD probands with a history of mood disorder (NS). Post‐traumatic stress disorder was significantly more prevalent in co‐twins of anxiety probands and was more prevalent in MZ than in DZ co‐twins. The prevalences of social and simple phobia were equal in co‐twins of anxiety and comparison probands. For both panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder the MZ:DZ concordance ratio was more than 2:1. The results support the hypothesis of a genetic contribution in the etiology of panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and post‐traumatic stress disorder. The hypothesis that simple and social phobia are mainly caused by environmental exper

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The first 590 patients referred to a community mental health service (the Early Intervention Service) in an inner‐city district were separated into groups based on their referral source. The service has an open referral system allowing any agency (including patients) to contact the service by letter or by telephone, and priority is given to patients with serious mental illness. The results of open referral showed that the number of referrals was adequate for the service to process, the proportion of inappropriate referrals was similar in all referral agencies, and milder cases of mental illness were referred more often from doctors than from other agencies. It is concluded that an open referral system is likely to be more sensitive to need and has some advantage over closed referral arrangements in inner‐city ar

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The objective of this study was to determine the putative risk factors for the development of tardive dystonia (TDt) in contrast with tardive dyskinesia (TD). Fifteen TDt patients seen in the Movement Disorders Clinic were compared with 2 groups of 15 TD controls each. The first control group was drawn from the Clinic and matched with the TDt cases for severity, using degree of dysfunction as the matching variable. The second control group comprised mild TD cases drawn from a separate study of drug‐induced movement disorders in chronic schizophrenia and were matched for age and sex with the TDt cases. A number of demographic, treatment‐related, diagnosis‐related and historical variables suggested in the literature were examined. Most risk factors for TDt that have been suggested by previous studies were not supported. The first control group was significantly older than the TDt cases. The TDt patients had a more frequent past history of acute drug‐induced dystonia and of postural tremor prior to the onset of the mental illness, although only the former reached statistical significance. The results suggested that TDt and TD do not differ in most putative risk factors, although the small sample size increases the likelihood of a type II error. It is inconclusive on the role of young age and male sex as risk factors. TDt cases may, however, be individuals vulnerable to the development of dystonia, with neuroleptics probably bringing out such a vulnerability. This finding needs to be examined in larger

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The success rate in predicting symptom change 2 years after brief dynamic psychotherapy increased 20% by adding quality of interpersonal relations from a psychodynamic evaluation interview to DSM‐III diagnoses, Axis V and Axis II. The success rate in predicting dynamic change 4 years after therapy increased nearly 40% by adding the same variable. Selection criteria such as circumscribed focus, motivation and involvement in the evaluation interview were shown to be redundant as predictor

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is the first comprehensive description of winter depression (WD), as part of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), from Norway, and one of the very few from so far north. A total of 128 media‐recruited people had first been screened with the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire and were thereafter personally interviewed. The criteria for DSM‐III‐R mood disorder, seasonal pattern, were satisfied by 85%, whereas 73% satisfied the criteria of Rosenthal et al. for SAD. Seven percent were diagnosed as subsyndromal SAD. The main characteristics of our patient group were in reasonable accordance with other clinical SAD materials: there were 81% women; the mean age was 44 years (range: 20 to 76); the mean age for SAD debut was 24 years (range: 4 to 71); and the duration of WD was most often from October to March or April. Only 12% had ever been manic or hypomanic in summer. During their WD, most patients suffered at least one of the symptoms hypersomnia, hyperphagia or carbohydrate craving; 16% also had a craving for fatty food in winter, but this may be considered “normal” at this northerly

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mean index episode length in 19 consecutive admissions with treatment‐resistant bipolar affective disorder was 21.7 months. Four patterns of resistance were identified: rapid cycling (37%), other forms of cycling (32%), chronic depression (26%) and mixed states (6%). Female gender was significantly associated with rapid cycling. Other risk factors for treatment‐resistant bipolar disorder, including a high prevalence of family history of affective disorder (72%) and electroencephalographic abnormalities (54% of recordings), were not confined to the rapid cycling gr

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03424.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Germany, the vocational rehabilitation of chronically mentally ill people is concentrated on the sheltered labour market, supplemented by special programmes for the care and reintegration of mentally ill people on the open labour market. Our investigation covered 502 representatively selected patients in sheltered employment (outpatient work therapy, firms for mentally ill people, workshops for the disabled). The sociodemographic, anamnestic and psychopathological data reveal that these are chronically mentally ill people with significant disabilities, making comprehensive social care and psychiatric treatment essential. Most of the subjects intend to remain in sheltered employment; only 20% hope to change to the open labour market. The level of subjective job satisfaction is surprisingly high despite generally inadequate pay, though it has to be pointed out that many long‐term patients are presumably resigned to their circumstances. In conclusion, the relationship of the open labour market to sheltered employment is the subject of critical discussio

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03425.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY