摘要:

ABSTRACT–The Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Lund, is in possession of systematic clinical ratings from 1949 to 1969 based on a multi‐dimensional diagnostic schedule. All 1312 first‐admitted patients (120 women) from the county who were rated as “chronic alcohol intoxication” were followed up until 31 December, 1980. Of 537 deaths, 495 were male compared with an expected number of 198 in the general population standardized for age and sex (2.5 X), and 42 were female compared with eight expected (5.1 X). The frequency of liver cirrhosis as primary cause of death compared with that of the general mortality was 4.3 times more in men and 60 times more in women. Those who died from liver cirrhosis and alcohol‐induced neoplasms were at first admission more often married and had a more continuous drinking pattern than the remaining

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Forty‐two men and 53 women patients at the Edinburgh Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre were interviewed, usually within 8‐12 h of admission. The interview covered life events and difficulties from 6 months before admission. For 43 patients it was in 3 stages; 1) a list of life events and difficulties to be ticked. 2) standard probing questions about each situation ticked, 3) free flowing unstructured interviewing eliciting fuller contextual data about the situations. An independent rater scored the situations after each of the three stages, at each point being blind to information contained in subsequent stages. Four variables were scored designed to indicate the total number of life situations present, the number of situations containing either a long‐term threat or personal loss element, an overall threat score and the total number of characteristics (1). The remaining 52 patients had a similar interview but containing an extra stage at the start. In this stage the patients were invited to tell the interviewer about any problems they had had in the last 6 months. Anything volunteered was probed freely before administration of the other three stages. The raters scored all four stages separately. No important differences in results from the two types of interview were found. Forindividual patientsmore than 80 % of the life situation information found after the final free flow stage had been obtained by the end of the probe stage. Furthermore, the final stage took something between a third and a half the interview time. On the other hand, it was clear that it would be unreasonable to end the interview after either the first free flow or the list stages, and the gain in information from probe to final stage was highly significant and potentially important. For individual life situations 75 % underwent no further change in rating after the probe stage. High though this figure is, it would not, in our view, warrant shortening the in

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The authors describe two cases of tardive akathisia following metoclopramide therapy, in which there were concomitant symptoms of agiiated depressio

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The urinary excretion rates of norepinephrine were assayed in 26 patients diagnosed as major depressive disorders (primary, unipolar), before and after 14 days of treatment with the rnono‐amine oxidase inhibitor Moclobemide (Ro 11‐1163). A standardized 1‐h urine collection procedure was used and norepinephrine was assayed by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine was found significantly increased in depressed patients when compared with a control population. The psychotic patients showed the highest excretion rates although they were not significantly different from the endogenous (non‐psychotic) group. Urinary norepinephrine output significantly decreased after 14 days of treatment with Moclobemide. This decrease was also marked in those patients that did not show any therapeutic effect. A clear antidepres‐sant effect, shown by a significant decrease of the Hamilton Scale scores for depression, was apparent as early as the 7th day. Increased norepinephrine in melancholic patients was taken as a presumptive indication of altered sympathet

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–In a representative sample of 784 women in Gothenburg, aged 38‐54 years, the point prevalence of dentistry phobia was 13.4%; 4.3% suffered a dentistry phobia of high degree. The prevalence was much increased in women with low school education and in the lower social classes. In most cases (88 %) the phobia onset occurred before age 20. Only 11 % of the phobic subjects were aware of having been exposed to anxiety‐provoking dental treatment situations at onset of phobia. All phobics reported a chronic course, although most of them (90 %) had partial remissions at times. Phobia of dental treatment was related to high number of missing teeth, high amount of alveolar bone loss and a high prevalence of removable dentures. Most associations between dentistry phobia and impaired dental status remained statistically significant when allowance was made for age and social class. The neglected dental status in the phobic women may have psychological effects and impair the social functioning. As the incidence peak occurs early in life, preventive measures must primarily be directed against children and adoles

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The relatively small number of male anorexia nervosa patients is often used as an excuse for the scarce literature on this subject. An exhaustive review of the literature (1970 to 19801, searching for case reports, yielded information about 107 males described as having anorexia nervosa. According to current criteria, the diagnosis was well documented in 37 patients. Data on the clinical picture and the social background were analysed and compared with a sample of 148 female anorectics. It was found that from the clinical point of view anorexia nervosa is strikingly similar in both sexes. A cluster analysis revealed that three subgroups might be distinguished in male cases: a ‘(pre)pubertal’ variant, a ‘lower class', and a ‘middle class’ variant. It is concluded that male patients should be involved in any future research on th

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Renal function and structure were studied in 57 patients on long‐term lithium treatment. Nine per cent had a moderate decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 75 % had decreased concentrating ability. No correlation between GFR and the duration of the lithium treatment was found. Twenty‐four renal biopsy specimens were studied by light microscopy and compared with kidney biopsies from an age‐matched control group of patients without arterial hypertension and who had never been treated with lithium or neuroleptics, but who suffered from acute oliguria or slight protein‐uria. The number of sclerotic glorneruli and the focal distribution of intestitial fibrosis was significantly increased in the group of patients treated with lithium. No difference in the total amount of fibrous tissue or the number of atrophic tubules was demonstrated. There was no correlation between the duration of lithium treatment and the structural changes. The biopsy material originated from patients treated with a single and reduced dose regimen only. This regimen might explain the few and slight structural changes found, in contrast to other investigations in which patients were treated with lithium in divi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The treatment of mixed anxiety/depression in general practice remains a problem. Non‐psychiatrists find diagnosis difficult to make in these patients. A double‐blind study was set up to explore this area and to investigate the efficacy of a tetracyclic antidepressant (mianserin) in the treatment of anxiety with or without mild and moderate depressive symptoms. The comparative drug used was diazepam. Benzodiazepines are used to treat patients with this presentation, often inappropriately. Forty‐seven patients were treated for up to 8 weeks. 24 received diazepam 5‐10 mg daily and 23 mianserin 30‐60 mg daily. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using computer‐delivered rating scales. Mianserin was shown to be more effective than diazepam in treating symptoms of both depression and anxiety, with significantly more patients in the mianserin group reaching resolution of symptoms in the time period studied. Resolution occurred sooner with the antidepressant than

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Twenty‐eight elderly patients with dementia and in many cases also depression received daily treatment with either L‐tryptophan (3g in the evening) or casein (control substance) for 1 monih each, using a crossover design and double‐blind procedures. Each patient's mental condition and performance ability were rated, and biological variables (serum Iryptophan levels, platelet 5‐HT up‐take, platelet MAO activity, red blood cell thiamine, pyridoxine and riboflavin levels) were measured. Serum tryptophan levels were elevated by tryptophan treatment, but the treatment failed to have significant effects on the mental condition of the patients as a whole. Dividing the patients into two groups on the basis of the treatment during which they received their best behavioral rating failed to show significant relations to biological variables, except for differences between Vmaxvalues for platelet 5‐HT uptake. The findings indicate that long‐term administration of tryptophan to gerontopsychiatric patients does not generally have ben

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The incidence of severe dementia between the age of 70 and 79 years was studied in a representative urban sample. The study comprised 385 subjects at 70 and sufficient information was obtained in 94.5 ck in the age interval 70–75 and in 89.2 % in the age interval 75–79. A case was defined by absence of symptoms of severe dementia at the beginning of the interval and by disorientation and/or severe memory impairment in psychiatric interviews at the age of 75 or 79, or the same signs noted in case records from the intervals studied. In all, 43 subjects developed severe dementia. When mortality was taken into account the annual incidence rates were 17.7 ± 10.7/ 1,000 in the 5‐year interval between 70 and 75 and 32.3 ± 16.9/1,000 in the 4‐year interval between 75 and 79 in men compared with 5.0 ± 4.9/1,000 and 25.3 ± 11.3/1,000 respectively in women. There were no significant differences between men and women with regard to the incidence rates of all severe dementias or of etiological subgroups. There was a high degree of institutionalization. Most studies from Scandinavian countries have reported lower inci

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY