摘要:

The live birthweights and the birthweight Z score equivalents based upon state averages of 130 offspring of male and female schizophrenics were compared with state averages and with those of 150 offspring of nonschizophrenic psychiatric patient controls. Offspring of schizophrenics resembled the controls and the state averages with few exceptions. Schizophrenic fathers produced heavier birth‐weight children and the expected proportion of lower birthweight children. Offspring of schizophrenics born a year or more before onset of the parental disorder were significantly heavier than control offspring, although groups did not differ when birth was near or after breakdow

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several group models are defined: a mechanistic model, a model of conflicts, a cybernetic model, a field‐theoretical model, an organismic model, an interactionistic model. In all these models the group is a dynamic entity which is based on a mutual dependence of the members. From this sociological‐horizontal‐interactional point of view the group is therefore an entity. From a psychological‐vertical aspect the group is rather a common situation in which the individual members remain in their experience separated from each other. To understand the group therapeutic dynamics it is necessary to keep in mind these two levels. From the sociological aspect, e.g. the frequency and kinds of interactions, the relationship of the inside‐distances between the members to the distances of the members to the outside is decisive for group cohesion. The more the total interaction in a group augments, the more the emotionally loaded interactions increase. The significance of group cohesion in the therapeutic process is documented also by means of standardized rating scales. The normative effect of the group, the different roles in it, the group structure have to be considered if the group is to be used as a therapeutic mean. From the psychological point of view five phases of group development can be differentiated: 1) explorative contact, 2) regression, 3) catharsis, 4) insight, 5) social learning. By a factor analysisLieberman et al. have found out that independent of the method used, the following types of group leaders were successful: the “provider”, the “social engineer”

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Group psychotherapy is a treatment method in which in addition to the therapist(s) the participating individuals are, autocentrically, active in attaining a therapeutic effect. The different kinds of group psychotherapy are described: 1) activity group psychotherapy, 2) analytic group psychotherapy, 3) directive‐suggestive‐group psychotherapy, 4) psychodrama, 5) accelerating/focal methods of group psychotherapy.Group psychotherapeutic techniques with patients of different diagnoses are discussed, e.g. group psychotherapy with drug dependants and alcoholics, in which it is not possible to use a pure analytic method of group psychotherapy. Their oral tendencies and narcissistic desires of undergoing a fusion with the therapist have to a certain degree to be fulfilled. Schizophrenics should encounter in group psychotherapy an unconditioned emotional response from the therapist. These patients on the one hand expect to be understood in their psychotic experience, but on the other hand they seem to be glad when the measures of the outside reality are maintained in the group. The relatives of schizophrenics wanting to co‐operate are taken in a parallel group. Depressives, especially endogenous depressives, need a longer time to be integrated in a therapeutic group than other patients, but if they can be integrated, it helps them to tolerate their sufferings. To the neurotics, group psychotherapy offers insight and a chance to “translate” this insight into a new social behaviour. Analytic self‐experience groups with staff members give them an opportunity to recognise from their own experience the conflicts and the behaviour patterns from which their pati

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present investigation analyzes the characteristics of traffic accidents involving psychiatric patients and comprises all persons who during the period 1970–74 have been admitted to a psychiatric in‐patient institution and who during the period 1972–74 have been involved in a traffic accident causing bodily injury.AAccidents with psychiatric patients involved constitute about 5.7 % of all traffic accidents reported in Denmark. Compared with the total group of accidents, they are characterized by an overrepresentation of women and of persons in the age group 25–54 years. Accidents with psychiatric patients are over‐represented during the period July‐September, and in areas densely built up. The accidents tend to be more complicated, and the psychiatric patients are more likely to get injured and be hospitalized due to the accident.The investigation is based exclusively on routinely collected data. The limitations with which the results are encumbered and the problems concerning methodology and comparison of merent studies ar

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Canadian national data for functional psychoses (classified as schizophrenia, affective psychoses, paranoid states and reactive psychoses) are analyzed for age, sex, marital status, expectancy for first admissions and length of stay for discharges. Differences are found such that each psychosis can be distinguished from the others, thus providing indirect evidence supporting the use of the different diagnoses.The demographic characteristics of reactive psychoses from North American data have not been previously described, and are found to be similar to Scandinavian descriptions.Sex ratios for subgroup diagnoses show similarities between catatonic schizophrenics, manic (bipolar) affectives, and reactive psychoses. Schizoaffective psychoses resemble affectives more than schizophrenia, and paraphrenia is similar to affectives.Total expectancies for functional psychosis (4.4 % for males, 5.5 % for females) are similar to Scandinavian figures, but the distribution by diagnosis differs, perhaps representing different diagnostic practices, but generally similar sex ratios and high rates in single persons are found.

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred homeless adolescents were interviewed in 1971 when they still were active drug abusers. The same group was followed‐up 3 years later in 1974 with personal interviews. All were traced, with the exception of three individuals residing in foreign countries and four who had died. At follow‐up one third were abstinent and were well adapted socially, one third showed an uncertain social adaptation, and one third were still addicted and had a poor social adaptation. The various factors responsible for their psycho‐social development and relation to drug abuse are disc

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifteen chronic alcoholics and 15 presenile patients were matched in pairs with regard to their mean hemisphere cerebral blood parameters ‐ an index of brain metabolism. The distribution of the regional cerebral blood flow was similar in the two groups. The alcoholics performed significantly better in all psychometric tests than the presenile patients and more alcoholics than presenile patients were still employed and working. Nine presenile patients and one alcoholic showed symptoms indicating brain stem dysfunction.The measurements of the cerebral blood flow were made at rest while the psychometric testings and the evaluation of the social performace gave information about the brain at work. It is suggested that cerebral dysfunction in alcoholics to some extent can be partly overcome by brain activation procedures. In contrast, the defects of higher mental functions in presenile dementia cannot be compensated fo

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviews in this article:Harbauer, H., R. Lempp, G. Nissen&P. Strunk: Lehrbuch der speziellen Kinder‐ und Jugendpsychiatrie.Heinrich, K.: Psychopharmaka in Klinik und Praxi

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY