摘要:

ABSTRACT–Sixty‐five schizophrenic patients presenting for admission were randomly allocated into two groups. Control patients received standard hospital care and after‐care. Experimental patients were not admitted if this could be avoided; instead they were taken back to the community by the Community Treatment Team who provided them and their relatives with comprehensive community treatment and a 24‐h crisis service. During the 12 months study period 68% of the schizophrenic patients in the experimental group were not admitted; 10% were admitted two or more times and for 5 weeks or longer. All the schizophrenic patients in the control group were admitted ‐ two‐thirds two or more times and for 5 weeks or longer. It was feasible to treat most schizophrenic patients in the community. Community treatment was considered by patients and their relatives to be the more satisfactory and helpful form of treatment and achieved a superior clini

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–New experimental findings show that schizophrenics, as well as some of their non‐schizophrenic relatives, manifest basic cognitive disorders defined in terms of variables from the field of experimental psychology. These basic disorders can be regarded as markers ‐ if not, indeed, as psychological manifestations ‐ of vulnerability to schizophrenia. They can be associated with subjectively experienced forms of non‐clinically manifest impairments in psychological functioning. It was therefore hypothesised that schizophrenics, as well as non‐schizophrenic subjects vulnerable to schizophrenia, will, in the course of learning processes, develop compensatory efforts which may be more or less effective. It is assumed that effective efforts of this kind will take on special significance in stress situations which would tend to elicit the occurrence of a schizophrenic episode. Effective efforts at compensation for basic disorders should be able to act as a ‘buffer’ against negative stressor effects (moderator function), thus reducing the danger of a psychotic breakdown. These compensation efforts were studied in 40 inpatients in remission after an acute schizophrenic episode. It was found that significant correlations exist between the extent of subjectively experienced basic disorders and the number and kind of conscious compensation attempts. Although the findings to date are of a preliminary and purely descriptive nature they would seem to justify f

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The responses of 16 patients with major depressive disorder to one night's sleep deprivation and a subsequent double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of carbamazepine were compared. There was a significant association between the presence or absence of an antidepressant response to each of these treatments. Further studies are required to assess the clinical utility of this relationship and whether it is based on antidepressant response to any agent or is more specific to carbamaz

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Three‐hour cortisol‐profiles and cortisol responses to a 1 mg dose of dexamethasone were recorded in 31 depressed patients and nine controls. The data indicate that the likelihood of detecting non‐suppressible cortisol concentrations after dexamethasone is significantly increased in depressed patients with a hypersecretion of cortisol. However, a considerable subsample of normosecretors shows abnormal DST results. Conversely, hypersecretion is often associated with dexamethasone suppression. In this study a 1 mg‐DST did not reflect the adrenocortical activity with ultimate accuracy. Therefore any attempts which correlate psychopathological or biological data with pituitary‐adrenal activity and use a DST‐result as measure are criticizable. Data derived from volunteers illustrate that medical factors such as weight‐loss, steroid‐containing contraceptives and sleep deprivation can make a pituitary‐adrenal acti

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–To determine the reliability of psychiatric diagnoses in the Israel Psychiatric Case Register, DSM‐III criteria were applied to case record abstracts of first admissions to a large psychiatric hospital in Jerusalem. The DSM‐III diagnoses were compared with ICD‐8 recorde diagnoses. Between 40 and 50% of those originally diagnosed as schizophrenia were re‐diagnosed into less severe categories. The proportion diagnosed as affective disorder doubled from 21% for ICD‐8 diagnoses to 40% for DSM‐III diagnoses. The unreliability concerned the diagnoses of schizophrenia and affective disorder. Findings suggest that the introduction of standardized diagnostic criteria in Israel will lead to a substantial increase in the number of cases diagnosed as affective disorder, although difficulties involved in differentiating schizophrenia from the major affective disorders remain. The DSM‐III findings suggest a high prevalence of affective disor

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Seventy‐two hospitalized patients with alcohol withdrawal symptoms were treated with either carbamazepine (Tegretol®) or barbital (Diemal) in a randomized, double‐blind trial. The dose of trial medication as well as the duration of treatment was individual, corresponding to the conventional treatment schedule. During the trial period daily records were kept of target withdrawal symptoms, global evaluation, the patient's subjective feeling and unwanted effects. Sixty patients completed the treatment successfully. The two treatment groups were homogeneous as regards patient characteristics, pre‐treatment disease severity and drop‐out rate. No statisticaly significant differences were found in efficacy between the two treatments, and both drugs were well tolerated. It is concluded that carbamazepine is a valuable alternative drug in the treatment of mild and moderate alcohol withdrawa

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Eighty‐three consecutive first‐ever admissions to the general medical wards at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), were screened for alcoholism using the Feighner's Research Diagnostic Criteria for Alcoholism (FRDCA) in their first week of admission. They were aged between 18–65 years and able to give informed consent and participate in an interview. 48% of the males, 13% of the females and 31% of the overall sample scored for definite alcoholism. Abnormal drinking behaviour and social pathology associated with drinking rather than the medical and psychiatric aspects of alcoholism were more associated with the alcoholism group. These findings are compared and contrasted with similar findings in Western s

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–The authors report on socio‐demographic characteristics, methods and associated causes among 110 suicide attempters seen by them in Nairobi. Attempted suicide is still an offence in Kenya, like it is in other Third World countries. A profile of a typical young person who attempts to take his/her life is described and some relevant aspects of ‘parasuicide’ are di

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Suicide mortality in a northern town of Sri Lanka for the year 1982 is examined. The rate was 53.5 per 100,000 general population and shows an increasing trend amongst the 15–34 age group. The commonest method was self‐poisoning by agrochemicals and insecticides of organophosphorus type. Psychiatric diagnosis, social, economic and political factors are presented. Easy availability of dangerous agrochemicals and rapid social and political changes appear to be of equal importance in producing a high rate of su

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02514.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT–Relationships between own memories of parental rearing practices and adult personality features were examined. Two hundred healthy volunteers, 86 males and 114 females, completed the Own Memories of Child‐Rearing Experiences (EMBU), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Lazare‐Klerman‐Armor Trait Scale (LKAS). Relations between two sets of variables were examined by means of Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and Bonferroni inequalities were applied for each family of hypotheses. For the male sample all correlations were not significant. For females there were several significant correlations. The most consistent finding was that the experience of negative parental rearing factors was associated with pathological features in the personality. About one half of the significant correlations were found between female hysterical scores and EMBU father. The findings support the general assumption that females with hysterical traits have complicated relations to their fathers, which may indicate fixation in the Oedipa

ISSN:0001-690X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02515.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY